GOPO unit 2 pt 2

What was established in Article 3 of the Constitution?

The judicial branch, the highest appeal courts, and that the judges have lifetime tenure (JUDICIAL REVIEW WAS NOT ESTABLISHED IN ARTICLE 3)

What is a budget deficit?

When the government spends more money than it collects

What is more likely, deficit or surplus?

deficit

Why is bureaucratic “rule-making” important?

It allows them to punish and enforce as well as allows them to make regulations 

What is congressional oversight?

Congress monitors bureaucracy as well as holding hearing and choosing funding

What is judicial activism

The idea that the supreme court was made to make changes based on changing times and they usually want to use this power (liberals)

What is judicial restraint?

The idea that the constitution is a dead document and the founding fathers made a system where the judicial branch was rarely needed (conservatives)

What is the main difference between the house and the senate in terms of debate?

The house has strict rules while the senate has unlimited debate (filibuster privledges)

Who starts the budget proposal?

President argues his budget

After the president advises his budget, who does it go to and what do they do?

It goes to the house where they introduces the revenue bill

Where does the revenue bill go from the house?

Both senate and house for approval 

After a bill is approved by both houses, what happens

the president needs to sign the bill where it can start being implemented

Federalist 51 argues ….

checks and balances / separations of power

Federalist 78 argues…

Judical is least dangerous

What are the three groups in the iron triangle

bureaucracy, Congress, interest groups

What is a bully pulpit

Power of president to use the voice of the office to influence lawmakers and gain support

What can committees do?

they can hold hearings, attach ammendments 

What did marbury v Madison establish?

Judicial review 

What did Baker v Carr establish?

one person = one vote

What did Shaw v Reno establish?

no racial gerrymandering

What is a precident

ruling on a case that serves as a rule for future cases 

What is stare decisis?

the legal doctrine under which courts follow legal precedents when decideing cases with similar facts

What does it mean to “get borked”

organized effort to defeat a political nominee through systematic, often harsh, public criticism and vilification

What is the majority opinion vs the concurring opinion

majority decision- final decision while concurring opinion includes extra information and different perspectives

What is judicial review

judiciary branch can strike down a law if it conflicts with the Constitution

criminal law deals with ____

things that harm the community

civil law deals with _____

private rights

What are the three tiers of courts

federal district court, federal court of appeals, supreme court

What is a bureaucrat?

An official employee within the government bureaucracy

What is political patronage?

filling of administrative positions as a reward of support rather than merit 

What did the pendleton act enforce?

created the first federal service commission to draw up and enforce rules on hiring, promoting and tenure of office

what is bureaucratic discretion?

bureaucracy can decide how a law is implemented and ti decide what Congress meant when it passed a law 

How does Congress check the bureaucracy?

budget, oversight

What is the power of the purse

the power of the U.S. Congress to control government spending by appropriating funds