Reactions ACOC II

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Last updated 7:56 PM on 7/6/26
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40 Terms

1
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(De)sulfonierung (mit Oleum)

HSO3+/ SO3 und H20/ H2SO4 and temperature

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Diazokopplung

  1. HNO2/ H+

  2. -EH

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Diazotierung

  1. NaNO2/ HCl

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Nitrierung

HNO3, H2SO4, delta T

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Halogenierung

Fe + X2, X = Cl, Br, F, I (Halogen)

FeX3 + X2 → X+ + [FeX4]-

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Friedel-Crafts-Acylierung

E+ = RCO+ (Acylium-Ion), R = -Alkyl, Aryl

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Friedel-Crafts-Alkyierung

AlCl3

E+ = R3C+ (Carbenium-Ion), R = -Alkyl, Aryl (activating substituent)

O,p → normalbedingungen (kin. Stab.)

M → hohe Temperatur oder starke Lewis-Säuren (therm. Stab.)

Mehrfach möglich, da alkylreste aktivierend

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Hydroxyalkylierung

R = starker e Donor

Benzolderivat oder Benzol

Paraformaldehyd (CH2O)n und H+

O,p

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Vilsmeier-Haack Formylierung

R = starker Elektronendonor

DMF, POCl3

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Wolff-Kirschner Reduktion

H2N — NH2, KOH, temp.

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Clemensen Reduktion

Zn/Hg, HCl

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Schiemann Reaktion,

1) NaNO2/ HBF4

Pfeil 1: ∆, -N2

Pfeil 2: nichts

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Reduktion möglich mit:

1) HCl/ Fe / HOAc

2) Base

Alternativ (3): H2 / Pd/C

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Reduktion von diazoniumsalzen zu arylhydrazinen:

1) Na2SO3

2) H3O+

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Reduktion mit Kaliumpermanganat (KMnO4), R = beliebiger Alkylrest

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Acylierung (oft genutzte schutzgruppe)

1) Ac2O

2) Temperatur, starke Base

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Sandmeyer Reaktion:

Für CN, Br, Cl → CuX

Für I → KI

1a) KI, 95˚C

1b) CuCl

1c) CuBr

1d) CuCN

2a) Cu+

2b) Cu2+

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Verkochung zu Phenol

1) H2O, H2SO4, ∆

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Ozonolyse

1) CH2Cl2, -78˚C

2) primärozonid

3) 1,3-dipolare cycloaddition

4) sekundär ozonid

5) reduktive Aufarbeitung zum Alkohol, Red. NaBH4

6) reduktive Aufarbeitung zum Aldehyd/ Keton, Me2S oder Zn/ (HOAc oder 7) HCl)

8) H2/Pt, H2/PHC

9) Oxidative Aufarbeitung: CrO3 oder NaOH/ H2O2

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Epoxidation to alkenes with m-CPBA (peroxyacid) → conserved configuration

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Radical addition with Dibenzoylperoxide

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Hydroboration-oxidation syn (stereochemistry conserved)

  1. BH3 + ∆T

  2. H2O2 + NaOH

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Hydroboration-amination syn (stereochemistry conserved)

  1. BH3 + 3R + ∆T

  2. NH2Cl

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Hydroboration-iodation syn (stereochemistry conserved)

  1. BH3 + 3R + ∆T

  2. I2/ NaOH

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Hydroboration-Protonolysis syn (stereochemistry conserved)

  1. BH3 + 3R + ∆T

  2. R-COOH, 120˚C (Protonolysis of C-B bond)

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Epoxide opening (anti)

1) H2SO4

2) H2O

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Reduction

EtOH or H2, Pd/C

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Acid-catalysed esterification with ROH, H2SO4

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Cis-dehydroxylation

1) Generation of OsO4 with NMO

2) H2S reduces cyclic ester

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Ozonolysis with O3/ NaOH/ H2O2

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Oxidative cleavage of alkenes with RuO4 → oxidizes twice 1. CHO 2. COOH

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Hydrohalogenation with HBr

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Hydrogenation with Br2

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Radical intiators

AIBN

(PhCO)2O2

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Reduction

1) LiAlH4, 2) H+

a) Camphor, b) endo, c) exo, d) iso-broneol e) Borneol

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1) HBr → 2) markovinikov

2) HBr and (PhCO)2O2 → 4) anti-markovnikov

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1) Dibenzylperoxide ((PhCO)2O2) 2) T > 60-70˚C

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1) AIBN 2) T > 43˚C 3) carbon centered radical

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Hydratisation

1) H2O, H2SO4

2) H+ or ∆T

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