REFRESHER: POST TEST - FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING 1

RN 2025 TOPNOTCHER

1.     The initial blood pressure of a client with a head injury is  124/80mmHg.  As his condition worsens, pulse pressure  increases. Which of the following blood pressure readings indicates a pulse pressure greater than the initial pulse pressure?

A. Pulse pressure is 42 mm Hg

B. Pulse pressure is 20 mm Hg

C. Pulse pressure is 40mmHg

D. Pulse pressure is 56

D. Pulse pressure is 56

2.     The nurse is preparing to administer a sponge bath ton infant with a high fever. Administration of the bath include:

A. large amount of alcohol to increase evaporation of heat.

B. adjustment of the water temperature to 60-70ºF

C. wet cloths applied to all areas where blood circulates close to skin surfaces.

D. small areas of the body sponged at a time to avoid rapid heat loss.

D. small areas of the body sponged at a time to avoid rapid heat loss.

3.     To avoid the most common medication error, the nurse should:

A. question the use of multiple tablets to provide a single dose

B. refuse to interpret illegible handwriting

C. investigate an atypical drug name

D. check medication in question with another nurse

A. question the use of multiple tablets to provide a single dose

4.     Mario, 72 years old, has a long history of COPD.  He is admitted to the hospital with right lower lobe pneumonia. Mario was started on O2 via nasal cannula at 2 L/min. How should Mario’s response to O2 therapy be assessed?

A. auscultate his chest for air entry and lung expansion

B. use pulse oximeter to determine O2 saturation

C. observe for clubbing of fingers and toes

D. assess amount and characteristics of his sputum

B. use pulse oximeter to determine O2 saturation

5.     Mario, 72 years old, has a long history of COPD.  He is admitted to the hospital with right lower lobe pneumonia. Mario has difficulty breathing unless he is in the sitting position.  When charting,  what term should the nurse use to describe Mario’s condition?

A. dyspnea

B. orthopnea

C. tachypnea

D. bradypnea

B. orthopnea

6.     According to the American Heart Association, In reading Blood Pressure, 140/90 is categorize as:

A. Normal

B. High Blood Pressure Stage 1

C. High Blood Pressure Stage 2

D. Hypertensive Crisis

C. High Blood Pressure Stage 2

7.     Celso, 59 yr old, is an obese client who has been scheduled for removal of calculus from his right ureter through an incision in his right flank. What should the nurse do to prepare Celso for surgery?

A. Provide with the information he needs to make an informed consent for surgery

B. explain to him the need for the type and extent of surgery

C. prescribe for him preoperative tests and activities

D. Provide him with information about postoperative management.

D. Provide him with information about postoperative management.

8.     A client with inflammatory bowel disease is receiving TPN. The basic component of TPN solution is most likely to be a dextrose solution which is:

A. isotonic

B. hypertonic

C. hypotonic

D. colloidal

B. hypertonic

9.     Which of the following best describes Chronic Pain? 

A. temporary and occurs suddenly, often due to injury or a specific event.

B. This type of pain persists for a long period, typically over 3 months

C. tumor growth, nerve involvement, or treatments like surgery, chemotherapy, or radiation.

D. without an identifiable cause, often making it challenging to treat.

B. This type of pain persists for a long period, typically over 3 months

10.     Which of the following is NOT a non-verbal indicator of Pain? 

A. Crying

B. Rigid Posture

C. Diaphoresis

D. None of the Above (NATA)

D. None of the Above (NATA)

11.     Which of the following BEST describes Relapsing Fever? 

A. A constant body temperature continuously above 38°C (100.4°F) that has little fluctuation

B. Fever spikes interspersed with usual temperature levels (Temperature returns to acceptable value at least once in 24 hours 

C. Fever spikes and falls without a return to acceptable temperature levels.

D. Febrile episodes and periods of normothermia are often longer than 24 hours.

B. Fever spikes interspersed with usual temperature levels (Temperature returns to acceptable value at least once in 24 hours 

12.     A 68-year-old male patient is brought to the emergency department after being found outside in cold weather for several hours. He is confused, shivering, and has a core body temperature of 34°C (93.2°F). In The classification of Hypothermia 34°C is:

A. Mild Hypothermia

B. Moderate Hypothermia

C. Severe Hypothermia

D. Normal Temperature

A. Mild Hypothermia

13.     A nurse is assessing the vital signs of a 20-year-old patient who is resting quietly in bed. The apical pulse is 52 beats per minute, regular in rhythm. Which of the following is the most appropriate initial action by the nurse?

A. Immediately notify the physician of the bradycardia

B. Document the findings and recheck the pulse in 1 hour

C. Ask the patient if they are experiencing dizziness or lightheadedness 

D. Administer atropine as prescribed for bradycardia

C. Ask the patient if they are experiencing dizziness or lightheadedness 

14.     In Grading scale for pulses, Weak or barely palpable means: 

A. 4+

B. 3+

C. 2+

D. 1+

D. 1+

15.     The nurse is preparing to assess the pulse of a patient in cardiac arrest during a Basic Life Support (BLS) scenario. Which pulse point is most appropriate for the nurse to assess in this situation?

A. Radial pulse

B. Carotid pulse

C. Brachial pulse

D. Femoral pulse

B. Carotid pulse

16.     The nurse is reading a physician’s progress notes in the client’s record and reads that the physician has documented “insensible fuid loss of approxi mately 800 mL daily.” The nurse plans to monitor the client, knowing that insensible fuid loss occurs through which type of excretion?

A. Urinary output

B. Wound drainage

C. Integumentary output

D. The gastrointestinal tract

C. Integumentary output

17.     The nurse is caring for a client with heart failure. On assessment, the nurse notes that the client is dyspneic, and crackles are audible on auscultation. What additional manifestations would the nurse expect to note in this client if excess fluid volume is present?

A. Weight loss and dry skin

B. Flat neck and hand veins and decreased urinary output

C. An increase in blood pressure and increased respirations

D. Weakness and decreased central venous pressure (CVP)

C. An increase in blood pressure and increased respirations

18.     A client with pancreatitis has been receiving potassium supplementation for 4 days since being admitted with a serum potassium of 3.0 meq/l. today the potassium level is 3.1 meq/l. Which of the following laboratory values should the nurse check before notifying the physician of the client’s failure to respond to treatment?

A. Sodium 

B. Phosphorus

C. Calcium

D. Magnesium

D. Magnesium

19.     the nurse assists a client with a serum potassium of 3.2 meq/l to make which of the following menu selections?  [ ] 1. Baked cod [ ] 2. ham and cheese omelet [ ] 3. Fried eggs [ ] 4. Baked potato [ ] 5. Whole-grain [ ] spinach

A. 1, 4, 6

B. 2, 3, 5

C. All of the above

D. None of the above

 

20.     The nurse evaluates which of the following clients to have hypermagnesemia?

A. a client who has chronic alcoholism and a magnesium level of 1.3 meq/l

B. a client who has hyperthyroidism and a magnesium level of 1.6 meq/l

C. a client who has renal failure, takes antacids, and has a magnesium level of 2.9 meq/l

D. a client who has congestive heart disease, takes a diuretic, and has a magnesium level of 2.3 meq/l

C. a client who has renal failure, takes antacids, and has a magnesium level of 2.9 meq/l

21.     A nurse caring for a hospitalized patient is told in the shift change report that the patient’s laboratory results are sodium = 140 mEq/L; potassium = 4.1 mEq/L; calcium = 9.5 mg/dL; and magnesium = 3.4 mEq/L. Which abnormal level will the nurse report to the primary care provider?

A. High sodium level

B. Low potassium

C. Low calcium level

D. High magnesium level

D. High magnesium level

22.     A nurse is caring for an 80-year-old patient who is receiving bumetanide (a loop diuretic) for hypertension. The nurse notes that the patient admits to taking bisacodyl (Dulcolax) daily to stimulate her bowels. The nurse should assess the patient for possible symptoms of

A. hypoglycemia.

B. hypoparathyroidism.

C. hypokalemia.

D. hypocalcemia.

C. hypokalemia.

23. A patient has reported a 2-kg (4.4-lb) weight gain over the past 3 days. Which factor should the nurse question?*

A. Protein intake

B. Potassium intake

C. Calorie intake

D. Sodium intake

D. Sodium intake

 

24. The nurse is caring for a group of clients with electrolytes and blood chemistry abnormalities. Which client will the nurse see first?*

A. The client with a random glucose reading of 123 mg/dL (6.8 mmol/L) –

B. The client who has a magnesium level of 2.1 mEq/L (1.0 mmol/L)

C. The client whose potassium is 6.2 mEq/L (6.2 mmol/L)

D. The client with a sodium level of 143 mEq/L (143 mmol/L)

C. The client whose potassium is 6.2 mEq/L (6.2 mmol/L)

25. The nurse is assessing a client with a sodium level of 118 mEq/L (118 mmol/L). Which activity takes priority?

A. Monitoring urine output

B. Encouraging sodium rich fluids and foods throughout the day

C. instructing the client not to ambulate without assistance

D. assessing deep tendon reflexes

C. instructing the client not to ambulate without assistance

26. The nurse is collecting equipment to administer a unit of packed red blood cells. She is about to carry out an order for a blood transfusion on a patient with a bleeding disorder. Which IV fluid should be used to initiate the IV for this transfusion?*

A. 1,000 mL of lactated Ringer’s solution

B. 250 mL of normal saline 

C. 500 mL of 5% dextrose and water

D. 100 mL of 5% dextrose and 1/2 normal saline

B. 250 mL of normal saline 

27. The client has O+ blood but the laboratory does not have any O+ blood available. Which potential unit of blood could be given to the client?*

A. The O– unit.

B. The A+ unit.

C. The B+ unit.

D. Any Rh+ unit.

A. The O– unit.

28. After obtaining a unit of packed red blood cells for a client, the nurse learns the client needed to leave the care area for an emergency x-ray. What action should the nurse take?

A. Set up the blood with the IV fluid and y-tubing and place it on the IV standard in the client’s room to initiate immediately after the client returns.

B. Place the blood in the unit refrigerator until the client returns.

C. Return the blood to the laboratory blood bank until the client returns.

D. Set up the blood with the IV fluid and y-tubing and place it in the unit medication room to initiate immediately after the client returns.

C. Return the blood to the laboratory blood bank until the client returns.

29.  After initiating a blood transfusion for a client, the nurse should now:

A. Stay with the client and closely observe him for the first 5 to 10 minutes of the transfusion.

B. Assign the nursing aide to sit with the client for 15 minutes.

C. Advise the client to notify the nurse if he experiences any chilling, nausea, flushing, or rapid heart rate.

D. Return to the room and take a set of vital signs in 15 minutes.

A. Stay with the client and closely observe him for the first 5 to 10 minutes of the transfusion.

30. Ten minutes after the transfusion of a unit of packed red blood cells was initiated, the client complains of a headache. The nurse assesses that the client has slight shortness of breath and feels warm to the touch. What action by the nurse is priority?

A. Notify the clients physician.

B. Discontinue the transfusion.

C. Slow the rate of the transfusion.

D. Prepare to resuscitate the client.

B. Discontinue the transfusion.