ART FINAL

If an art historian knows the medium and technique the artist used to create a work of art, then this information can help construct a more accurate interpretation of the piece of art within its historical context. 

True

_________________ is the arrangement of specific properties and the elements of design within a piece of art.

Composition

Art historical training prepares you for real world investigation by ______________.

enhancing your analytical and communication skills

Imagery and text can create art that is used to create and maintain power and order, and the Babylonia Code of Hammurabi (ca. 1760 BCE) is one example. The primary message of this stele is that Hammurabi's governing law is given from _______________.

a divine source, the god Shamash

Art history is not concerned  with the study of aesthetic manmade objects and their visual expression in historical and stylistic context. 

False

1550 Giorgio Vasari, a painter, architect, and engineer, published a book about Florentine artists that is considered to be ________________.

The basis of bibliographies of several Italian artists

the first place in print where the term "Renaissance" is introduced 

a work that is notoriously bias towards Florentine artists

The principle of the camera was known in antiquity.

True

When considering materials and techniques for mass production and distribution of images and/or text; one advantage of making woodcut prints is that these can be ________________.  

mass produced allowing one to spread your name and ideas quickly

 Today museums rarely use objects and art to address key social issues that can help transform how society sees the future and reflect on our collective past. 

False

What where the topics, which typically are those given to women on journalist assignments well Ito the 1980's.

cooking, sleeping, praying, socializing

"Art" can be used as statements of identity or to express power, whereas objects classified in the category of "decorative arts" have often been disregarded by Western scholars until recently. Examples of objects classified as decorative arts include _________________.

\n **carpets, ceramics, baskets**

When defining the elements of design for 2D or 3D art work, ______________ is the surface characteristics of a material which may be experienced through touch or the illusion of tactile quality. 

Texture

The black and white photographic images of the 19th c. are typically ridged unsmiling individuals that hold an austere beauty. This is because _____________.

of technological limitations

Who is "John Brown"?

American Abolitionist

Which Italian Renaissance artist drew and wrote about how the camera obscura and optics relate to the human eye. 

Leonardo da Vinci

When writing a formal analysis of a piece of art work, art historians will include _____________.

Scale

use of form, line, color, texture 

viewpoint

For a woodcut print the image has been cut into a flat printing block of wood, thus creating a raised image that resembles a stamp. When printed, the image is viewed in reverse. This is opposite to an engraving where the image is drawn into the plate and the marks made are the ones seen in the print; meaning it does not show in reverse. 

True

Augustus Washington (ca. 1820 to 1875) was an American photographer who specialized in _______________. He was born in NJ as a free person of color and immigrated to Liberia in 1852. 

daguerreotype

Photographers in the 19th c. were pioneers in a new artistic endeavor and created a new vision of the material world. 

True

When writing a formal analysis of a piece of art work, art historians will include ____________________.

use of form, line, color, texture

scale

viewpoint

________________ is a Roman writer, naturalist, and natural philosopher that recorded his ideas regarding the aesthetics of the Greek sculpture Xenokrates of Scyon (ca. 280 BCE). By doing so, he is regarded as one of the first individuals to record in writing his observations concerning art.

Pliny the Elder

The definition of *art* is the expression or application of human creative skill and imagination, typically in a visual form such as painting or sculpting, producing works to be appreciated primarily for their beauty or emotional power.

True

Before museums were established in the 17th c. and 18th c. in Europe, collections of material objects would be on public, or private, display in the form of _____________.

public squares of Ancient Rome, medieval church treasuries, and "cabinets of wonders"

Cultural heritage is an expression of the ways of living developed by a community and passes on from generation to generation; including customs, practices, places, objects, artistic expressions, values. These describe only tangible cultural attributes. 

True

The Martin Museum of Art is considered a museum because it has a __________________.

permanent collection

Technological developments of photography relate to improvements concerning _________________.

speed (i.e. exposure time)

resolution

permanence

Book art collectors only consider traditionally bound books to be works of art.

False

Composition is the arrangement of specific properties and the elements of design within a piece of art.

True

Motion lines in a drawing, or print, are not used to indicate movement within the composition.

False

Niepce's famous photograph, View from the window at Gras (1826), required a very slow speed (i.e. a long exposure period). How much time did this process require?

8 hours

Both Christian and Islamic texts were recorded in illuminated manuscripts using the same techniques. 

True

_______________ is a formally prepared document where the text is often supplements with "flourishes," such as borders and miniature illustrations.

illuminated manuscripts

*Art verses Artifact:*

_______________ is an object made by human skill.

_______________ is a person skilled at making things.

_______________ is a person who creates art using skill and creative imagination. 

artifact; artisan; artist

______________ is a graphic symbol that represents an idea or concept that is independent of a particular language and specific words or phrases.

ideogram

Earthworks as a category of sculpture or architecture embraced the concept of utilizing local materials and often developed art in urban spaces.

False

First cell phones with a camera is what year? 

2000

What art movement was concerned with the rejection of the museums as the setting of artistic activity, rejection of the commercialization of art-making, rejection of the popularity of urban living, and embraced a spiritual yearning that equated Earth as a home to humanity.

Earthworks

 ______________ is a mechanical device for applying pressure to an inked surface resting upon a print medium (i.e. paper or cloth) thereby transferring the ink.

printing press

Preserving visual traditions in the form of objects is highly revered in many cultures throughout the world.

True

The earliest museums organized materials in chronological arrangements that were subdivided by nation. 

True

The primary elements of design include ________________.

line, color, texture, shape, form

Symbolic communication systems often requires the knowledge of the spoken language it is associated with. 

False

The Minoans were seafaring traders in the Aegean Bronze Age who built their wealth by producing and distributing precious materials and commodities, such as dyed wool, silk textiles, aromatic oils, olive oil, and wine. In order to record the production, storage and shipping inventory of these goods, what primary script was use? 

Linear A

Who in 1440 Europe invented the moveable-type printing press that worked off the "screw press"? It could produce up to 3600 pages per day!

Johannes Gutenberg

In the development of museums, the contribution the USA made was __________________. 

creating spaces and installations that focuses on the art, e.g., minimizing the visual distraction by using white walls, bare spaces, slender and discrete framing

The painted Mesoamerican Codex took the form of __________________.

tira, rolls, and screens

To make pigments for the illuminated manuscripts various types of materials were used. The categories of ingredients included ________________.

insects, metal, carbon, rocks & minerals

_______________ was a draftsman and entrepreneur that made prints for the open market during the European Renaissance.

Albrecht Dürer

One key point of using precious materials to create an illuminate manuscript was to represent the message of ___________.

God

Photography can be a controversial fine art form; and one reason is because it can be classified as art and science.

True

The *sublime* in Romantic landscape painting seeks to display the incredible, divine power of nature by focusing on the terrifying sheer power of the nature world and serves as a warning to those who wish to go against it

True

Hellenistic sculptors wanted to engage with their viewers in their work. To do this, they emphasized what characteristics in their sculptures?

their idealized bodies had enhanced muscularization

dramatic subject matter that was intended to heighten emotion

dynamic compositions with movement that used diagonal and curving line

The Minoan Bronze Age culture in the Aegean, had a special relationship to the natural world and developed art that depicted stylized animals, plants, flowers, and sea life. 

True

The "Four Treasures of the Study" relate directly to _____________.

the materials and tools used by Chinese and Japanese calligraphers

Georgia O'Keeffe was an American Modernist that painted______________.

enlarged flowers, New York skyscrapers, New Mexico landscapes

Uykiyo-e refers to the time-period in which woodblock prints gained popularity in Japan. This time-period is known as __________________.

The Floating World

In the Renaissance Period, Brunelleschi revolutionized painting by developing a mathematical approach to drawing and painting called ____________. This approach helped artists create more realistic and 3-D images on a 2-D surface.

linear perspective

To help preserve the images painted in the caves, early humans coated these images with ____________ and let it dry.

spit, fat

During the Italian Renaissance (14th c. CE), one accomplishment is that artists revitalized figurative naturalism.

True

Landscape art during the Italian Renaissance was intentionally centered around what type of theme(s) ________________.

Biblical

mythical 

historical themes

The Archaic Smile depicted on statues in Ancient Greece is believed by scholars to be a symbol of _____________.

a type of well-being that does not engage in the world, but transcends it

Vincent van Gogh is one of the few artists of his day that was not influenced by Japanese art.

False

Woodblock prints of the Edo period depicted scenes of ______________.

sumo wrestlers

seductive courtesans

exciting Kabuki actors

The Zong massacre was a mass killing of 130+ enslaved people by the crew of the British slave ship, Zong, on 29 November 1781. In class what artist did we discuss depicted this horrific scene?

\n Turner

The newly developed wealthy class that migrated to Edo purchased the ukiyo-e prints to decorate their homes.

True

The oldest portrait in the British Museum dates to about 9500 years ago and is of a ______________.

a man from Jericho (plastered skull with marine shell inlay for his eyes)

Pigments used by early man to create the cave paintings discussed in class included primary colors (i.e. red, yellow, blue), with black and white used for highlighting details. 

**False**

Japanese art did not served as a source for the French Impressionist artists.

\n False

Contrapposto is an asymmetrical stance (in both sculpture and in painting) that depicts the human body in a more life-like way. It was developed during what period in Ancient Greece?

Classical

The Japanese myth, *Tale of the Bamboo Cutter*, is a story about ______________.

a goddess that deposits the elixir of life on the peak of Mount Fuji

In Japan, Ukiyo-e prints were _____________.

images that reflect historical events, important places, and entertainers, as well as a form of advertising

The size and form of the Venus of Willendorf appear to follow the shape of the limestone rock the sculpture was carved from. 

True

The lion-figure is believed by scholars to represent the __________________.

oldest known evidence for religious belief

Color woodcut images require very careful and precise overlays of ink pressed onto the paper one color at a time.

True

The term impressionism refers to the artistic movement that ___________________.

developed in France during the 19th c., and is based on the practice of painting out of doors and spontaneously "on the spot", rather than in a studio from sketches

is characterized by relatively small, thin, yet visible brush strokes

values the study and emphasis on the accurate depiction of light in its qualities

In the Greek Archaic Period, statues of women (i.e. Kore) were depicted both nude and clothed, often wearing a "peplos."

False

In a Japanese woodblock studio who are the individuals that collaborate to create the prints?

designer, engraver, printer, publisher

The name and its meaning, "Venus of Willendorf" was given by the scholars studying the object, because _____________________.

of the accentuated female form

it clearly defines the sex of the figure (male or female)

there was no specific context

In art history, the first examples of the human body depicted using a naturalistic approach in from ____________.

Greece

Pastoral landscapes are intended to celebrate humanity's taming of nature and human's dominion over the world!

True

After male nude sculptures dominated Greek sculpture for 3 centuries, Praxiteles in the 4th c. BCE sculpted the first nude female sculpture. Who was this individual?

Aphrodite

The artist carved a timeless expression on the Venus of Willendorf's face!

False

The first woodblock prints of the Edo period were monochromatic.

True

What characteristic(s) of Japanese art intrigued and inspired European artists in the 19th c?

diagonal and asymmetrical compositions

flattening of the plane

abstract approaches to color

The oldest-known sculpture of a human form is __________________.

Lion-human

19th c. European artists painted scenes not just in the style of the Japanese artists, but also included Japanese objects within their composition.

True

The plaster skulls unearthed in the floors of the Neolithic Jericho houses have been identified by scientists as those that once belonged to __________________.

children 

women

men

*Japonisme* is a French term that refers to the popularity and influence of Japanese art and design amongst the Western European 19th c. artists to celebrate the 200 years of open trading between Europe, USA, and Japan.

False

By examining the imagery painted on the walls of the caves at Lascaux (France), Chauvet (France), and Altamira (Spain) scientists and art historians are able to determine various mark making techniques used by early humans. These can include ________________.

covering large areas with pads of lichen or moss

twigs of various diameters to draw lines

feathers of various widths to blend colors or smooth edges of an object or figure

hollow reeds or bones to blow pigment to make a spray pattern or use a stenciling technique 

What type of landscape showcases the beauty and wildness of natural scenery?

picturesque

In the Ancient Greek world, male nude sculptures were symbolic and depicted as heroes who represented ______________.

gods and warriors

Landscape art is the depiction of natural scenery (i.e. mountains, valleys, trees, rivers, forests) that can include human elements (i.e. land use, buildings and structures); however, these images never depict imaginary places

False

The hybrid figure, Lion-human found in a German cave stands about 31 cm in height and carved out of _________.

mammoth ivory

In the Archaic period "Kouros"  are statues of young men that were used as grave markers for those that bravely died in battle.

True

Prussian blue ink was brought to Japan by the Dutch traders.

True

Categories for Romantic landscape painting includes _______________.

picturesque, sublime, pastoral

It is up to the individual that views the images if they classify Paleolithic Cave Paintings as landscape art.

True

Vincent Van Gogh's _________________ is the only nocturne scene in the series of views from his bedroom window at Saint-Paul Asylum in Saint-Rémy, France.

Starry Night

Thousands of copies were produced of Hokusai's "Great Wave off Kanagawa" and sold as souvenirs to the local market for religious pilgrims and tourists.

True

Polykleitos (a Classical Greek sculpture) created his sculptures to exemplify his cannon (treatise), which used ____________ to crate a harmoniously proportioned and naturalistic body.

mathematical ratios