components of blood

Functions Plasma

Transport gasses, nutrient , waste

Function of red blood cell

Transport oxygen around the body

Functions White blood cell

Attack pathogens to prevent disease

functions of platelets

contain an enzyme that cause the blood to clot

Role of Arteries

Transport oxygenated blood away from heart

structure of Arteries

Thick muscular walls to withstand high blood pressure , narrow lumen to speed up blood delivery

capillaries function

Tiny blood vessels that surround the body’s tissues, site for gaseous exchange

Structure of capillaries

one cell thick walls for efficient gaseous exchange , semi permeable, Extremely narrow lumen - diffuse blood more freely

function of veins

transport deoxygenated blood towards heart

structure of viens

wide lumen - allow blood to flow with ease, contain valves - prevent blood from flowing backwards due to gravity

Heart rate

Number of time the heart contracts per minute (BPM)

Heart Rate during exercise

Increases as the demand for oxygen in the working muscles goes up

Stroke volume

The volume of blood ejected from the heart every time ventricles contract (ML)

Stroke volume during exercise

increases as the demand for oxygen in the working muscles goes up

Cardiac output

The total volume of blood expelled from the heart per minute (L/min)

Cardiac output during exercise

increases as both heart-rate and stroke volume go up

formula for cardiac output

heart rate x stroke volume