Year 9 Chemistry Review Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards for Year 9 Chemistry, covering atomic structure, bonding, and reactions.

Atom

The smallest particle that makes up matter.

Element

A substance made from only one type of atom.

Compound

A substance containing two or more elements chemically bonded together.

Mixture

Contains two or more substances which are not chemically bonded and can be separated.

Molecule

A small number of non-metal atoms chemically bonded together.

Chemical Reaction

Occurs when two or more substances combine to form new products.

Conservation of Mass

Atoms cannot be created or destroyed; Mass of Reactants = Mass of Products.

Word Equation

The reactants and products of a chemical reaction are shown using words.

Balanced Symbol Equation

Equal number of atoms on either side of the equation (e.g., 2Mg + O2 -> 2MgO)

Chemical Formula

Shows the number and ratio of atoms in a substance using subscripts (e.g., H2O).

Atomic Structure

Describes the particles which make up an atom and where they are located.

Subatomic Particle

A particle smaller than an atom (e.g., proton, neutron, and electron).

Proton

Positively charged particle found in the nucleus of the atom with a mass of 1.

Electron

Negatively charged particle which orbits the nucleus of an atom and has very little mass.

Neutron

A neutral particle found in the nucleus of an atom with a mass of 1. The number of neutrons in an atom may differ.

Atomic Number

The number of protons in an atom, also called proton number. It always stays the same for the atom of an element.

Mass Number

Equal to the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom.

Ion

An atom that has lost or gained electrons.

Simple Molecule

A small number of non-metal atoms chemically bonded by covalent bonds.

Lattice

Formed when there are a large number of atoms organized in a regular pattern.

Ionic Bond

An electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions.

Covalent Bond

A single covalent bond is formed when a pair of electrons is shared between two atoms.

Giant Covalent Structure

Formed when a large number of non-metal atoms are joined together by covalent bonds to form a lattice.

Delocalised Electrons

Chemical bonding in metals and graphite leads to the outer shell electrons being free to move throughout the structure of the materials.

Pure Substance

Consists only of one element or one compound.

Mixture

Consists of two or more different substances, not chemically joined together.

Filtration

Method of removing an insoluble solid from a liquid.

Crystallisation

A soluble solid can be separated from a solution if the water is allowed to evaporate from the solution.

Salt

An ionic compound which usually forms crystals when solid.

Soluble

A substance is soluble if it can dissolve in water

Insoluble

A substance is insoluble if it cannot dissolve in water