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representative liberals
allowed to participate
citizens limited participation, mainly through voting
reps main participants, and experts inform representatives not public directly
journalist/media provide transparency on reps and citizens make informed decisions
roles
citizens is poorly informed, uninterested and only votes - pushes notion that it assumes how people are, not how we might want them to be
reps are central figure
experts inform reps and expected to be neutral, objective
media/journalists are watchdogs and create transparency
content
encourages full range of topics and free market of ideas- no restrictions
style
detachment, must be reasoned and unemotional
desired outcome
closure, once decision set it is set aside forever and promotes resolution
participatory liberals
allowed to participate
everyone is allowed and encouraged, inclusion represents active efforts
roles
citizens seen as capable of learning/growing through participation and judge proposals on lived experiences
reps are mediators to emphasize accountability to public, articulate citizens interests and should emerge from and remain tied to grass root organizations
experts may help shape solutions
media/journalists must do more than report, they seek and amplify voices - tool of citizens empowerment and inclusion
“man who wears the shoe knows where it pinches”
content
inclusive in full range of issues, all voices matter
style
civility and detachment not required, emotions, emotions are empowered
desired outcome
suspicious of closure, may clarify areas but not always resolve them
discursive
allowed to participate
everyone, but quality over quantity is emphasized and hate narrative
roles
citizens must be active participants, especially on normative issues
reps remains key political decision makers, but it is emphasized a civil society in shaping debate and values
experts can participate, but status should be bracketed, arguments>credentials
media/journalists should facilitate deliberation, not act as passive conveyors of info, and help citizens become participants, not just spectators in democratic life
content
focus on topics of common good and societal concerns where consensus is possible
style
equal participation rights, rational argumentations sincere engagement, listening and mutual respect
desired outcome
consensus, process should be build to understanding and collective agreement over time
constructive
allowed to participate
popular inclusion, especially marginalized communities
roles
citizens isn´t passive recipient of decisions, very active participants - everyone expert of their own
reps are less emphasized, traditional reps are seen as incomplete if they ignore the marginalized
experts are questioned and expertise is seen as a gatekeeping tool
media/journalists should amplify and validate the politics of everyday
content
no topic should be excluded as private, what is deemed private many times contained political issues
style
rejects rigid norms like rationality and civility, embraces diverse rhetorical styles - especially narrative
desired outcome
not consensus, rather ongoing inclusive discourse that supports community
discursive
allowed to participate
everyone, but quality over quantity is emphasized and hate narrative
discursive
roles
citizens must be active participants, especially on normative issues
reps remains key political decision makers, but it is emphasized a civil society in shaping debate and values
experts can participate, but status should be bracketed, arguments>credentials
media/journalists should facilitate deliberation, not act as passive conveyors of info, and help citizens become participants, not just spectators in democratic life
discursive
content
focus on topics of common good and societal concerns where consensus is possible
discursive
style
equal participation rights, rational argumentations sincere engagement, listening and mutual respect
discursive
desired outcome
not consensus, rather ongoing inclusive discourse that supports community
representative liberals
allowed to participate
citizens limited participation, mainly through voting
reps main participants, and experts inform representatives not public directly
journalist/media provide transparency on reps and citizens make informed decisions
representative liberals
roles
citizens is poorly informed, uninterested and only votes - pushes notion that it assumes how people are, not how we might want them to be
reps are central figure
experts inform reps and expected to be neutral, objective
media/journalists are watchdogs and create transparency
representative liberals
content
encourages full range of topics and free market of ideas- no restrictions
representative liberals
style
detachment, must be reasoned and unemotional
representative liberals
desired outcome
closure, once decision set it is set aside forever and promotes resolution
participatory liberals
roles
citizens seen as capable of learning/growing through participation and judge proposals on lived experiences
reps are mediators to emphasize accountability to public, articulate citizens interests and should emerge from and remain tied to grass root organizations
experts may help shape solutions
media/journalists must do more than report, they seek and amplify voices - tool of citizens empowerment and inclusion
“man who wears the shoe knows where it pinches”
participatory liberals
content
inclusive in full range of issues, all voices matter
participatory liberals
style
civility and detachment not required, emotions, emotions are empowered
participatory liberals
desired outcome
suspicious of closure, may clarify areas but not always resolve them
constructive
allowed to participate
popular inclusion, especially marginalized communities
constructive
roles
citizens isn´t passive recipient of decisions, very active participants - everyone expert of their own
reps are less emphasized, traditional reps are seen as incomplete if they ignore the marginalized
experts are questioned and expertise is seen as a gatekeeping tool
media/journalists should amplify and validate the politics of everyday
constructive
content
no topic should be excluded as private, what is deemed private many times contained political issues
constructive
style
rejects rigid norms like rationality and civility, embraces diverse rhetorical styles - especially narrative
constructive
desired outcome
not consensus, rather ongoing inclusive discourse that supports community