NORMATIVE THEORIES

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23 Terms

1
New cards

representative liberals

allowed to participate

  • citizens limited participation, mainly through voting

  • reps main participants, and experts inform representatives not public directly

  • journalist/media provide transparency on reps and citizens make informed decisions

roles

  • citizens is poorly informed, uninterested and only votes - pushes notion that it assumes how people are, not how we might want them to be

  • reps are central figure

  • experts inform reps and expected to be neutral, objective

  • media/journalists are watchdogs and create transparency

content

  • encourages full range of topics and free market of ideas- no restrictions

style

  • detachment, must be reasoned and unemotional

desired outcome

  • closure, once decision set it is set aside forever and promotes resolution

2
New cards

participatory liberals

allowed to participate

  • everyone is allowed and encouraged, inclusion represents active efforts

roles

  • citizens seen as capable of learning/growing through participation and judge proposals on lived experiences

  • reps are mediators to emphasize accountability to public, articulate citizens interests and should emerge from and remain tied to grass root organizations

  • experts may help shape solutions

  • media/journalists must do more than report, they seek and amplify voices - tool of citizens empowerment and inclusion

  • “man who wears the shoe knows where it pinches”

content

  • inclusive in full range of issues, all voices matter

style

  • civility and detachment not required, emotions, emotions are empowered

desired outcome

  • suspicious of closure, may clarify areas but not always resolve them

3
New cards

discursive

allowed to participate

  • everyone, but quality over quantity is emphasized and hate narrative

roles

  • citizens must be active participants, especially on normative issues

  • reps remains key political decision makers, but it is emphasized a civil society in shaping debate and values

  • experts can participate, but status should be bracketed, arguments>credentials

  • media/journalists should facilitate deliberation, not act as passive conveyors of info, and help citizens become participants, not just spectators in democratic life

content

  • focus on topics of common good and societal concerns where consensus is possible

style

  • equal participation rights, rational argumentations sincere engagement, listening and mutual respect

desired outcome

  • consensus, process should be build to understanding and collective agreement over time

4
New cards

constructive

allowed to participate

  • popular inclusion, especially marginalized communities

roles

  • citizens isn´t passive recipient of decisions, very active participants - everyone expert of their own

  • reps are less emphasized, traditional reps are seen as incomplete if they ignore the marginalized

  • experts are questioned and expertise is seen as a gatekeeping tool

  • media/journalists should amplify and validate the politics of everyday

content

  • no topic should be excluded as private, what is deemed private many times contained political issues

style

  • rejects rigid norms like rationality and civility, embraces diverse rhetorical styles - especially narrative

desired outcome

  • not consensus, rather ongoing inclusive discourse that supports community

5
New cards

discursive

allowed to participate

  • everyone, but quality over quantity is emphasized and hate narrative

6
New cards

discursive

roles

  • citizens must be active participants, especially on normative issues

  • reps remains key political decision makers, but it is emphasized a civil society in shaping debate and values

  • experts can participate, but status should be bracketed, arguments>credentials

  • media/journalists should facilitate deliberation, not act as passive conveyors of info, and help citizens become participants, not just spectators in democratic life

7
New cards

discursive

content

  • focus on topics of common good and societal concerns where consensus is possible

8
New cards

discursive

style

  • equal participation rights, rational argumentations sincere engagement, listening and mutual respect

9
New cards

discursive

desired outcome

  • not consensus, rather ongoing inclusive discourse that supports community

10
New cards

representative liberals

allowed to participate

  • citizens limited participation, mainly through voting

  • reps main participants, and experts inform representatives not public directly

  • journalist/media provide transparency on reps and citizens make informed decisions

11
New cards

representative liberals

roles

  • citizens is poorly informed, uninterested and only votes - pushes notion that it assumes how people are, not how we might want them to be

  • reps are central figure

  • experts inform reps and expected to be neutral, objective

  • media/journalists are watchdogs and create transparency

12
New cards

representative liberals

content

  • encourages full range of topics and free market of ideas- no restrictions

13
New cards

representative liberals

style

  • detachment, must be reasoned and unemotional

14
New cards

representative liberals

desired outcome

  • closure, once decision set it is set aside forever and promotes resolution

15
New cards

participatory liberals

roles

  • citizens seen as capable of learning/growing through participation and judge proposals on lived experiences

  • reps are mediators to emphasize accountability to public, articulate citizens interests and should emerge from and remain tied to grass root organizations

  • experts may help shape solutions

  • media/journalists must do more than report, they seek and amplify voices - tool of citizens empowerment and inclusion

  • “man who wears the shoe knows where it pinches”

16
New cards

participatory liberals

content

  • inclusive in full range of issues, all voices matter

17
New cards

participatory liberals

style

  • civility and detachment not required, emotions, emotions are empowered

18
New cards

participatory liberals

desired outcome

  • suspicious of closure, may clarify areas but not always resolve them

19
New cards

constructive

allowed to participate

  • popular inclusion, especially marginalized communities

20
New cards

constructive

roles

  • citizens isn´t passive recipient of decisions, very active participants - everyone expert of their own

  • reps are less emphasized, traditional reps are seen as incomplete if they ignore the marginalized

  • experts are questioned and expertise is seen as a gatekeeping tool

  • media/journalists should amplify and validate the politics of everyday

21
New cards

constructive

content

  • no topic should be excluded as private, what is deemed private many times contained political issues

22
New cards

constructive

style

  • rejects rigid norms like rationality and civility, embraces diverse rhetorical styles - especially narrative

23
New cards

constructive

desired outcome

  • not consensus, rather ongoing inclusive discourse that supports community