Global History of the Church Test 1

The word "catholic" (lower case "c") when applied to Christianity means:

Universal / according to the whole

We call the years between 70 AD and 312 AD the Age of Catholic Christianity because this thought dominates Christian history between the death of the apostles and the rise of:

Christian emperors

After the fall of Jerusalem in AD 70, the center of the Christian movement moved in what geographical direction?

West

_____ Christianity produced the first Latin-speaking churches in the world.

North African

The catholic vision of early Christians was as evident in _____ as in the geographical expansion.

The unity of the church

_____, the aged bishop of Smyrna in western Asia, was one of the noble army of martyrs.

Polycarp

As long as Roman authorities considered Christianity as _____, followers of Jesus enjoyed the same immunity from imperial pressure.

A Jewish sect

Simply by living according to the teachings of Jesus, Christians were _____.

Witnesses / martyrs

Christians were accused of a host of practices, but most often _____.

Atheism

The one thing that no Christian would ever say was _____.

“Caesar is Lord”

The early church made _____ a test for true Christianity.

Belief in the resurrection

_____ is the attempt to give a rational explanation of our Christian belief; it is clear thinking about religion.

Apologetics

The writer of the Gospel of John is fighting on two fronts: They are _____.

Judaism and Gnosticism

_____ is an umbrella term used to identify a variety of movements, each one offering some way of enlightenment and knowledge of the way of life.

Gnosticism

The Apostles' Creed is obviously built upon belief in the _____.

Trinity

Roman officials came to see that the suppression of Christianity demanded the destruction of _____.

Christian literature / Christian writings

Used in the Bible, _____ stands for the special relationship between God and man, initiated and sustained by the grace of the Lord God.

Covenant

The word for the special place the Books of the Bible occupy in Christianity is _____.

Canon

To this day Christians differ over the inclusion or rejection of the so-called _____ in the Old Testament list of books.

Apocrypha

The first complete list of books, as we have them today, came in an Easter letter written in 367 AD by Bishop _____ from Alexandria.

Athanasius

_____ (from the Greek word episkopos, meaning bishop or “overseer”) developed slowly.

Episcopacy

By the end of the second century, however, the unchallenged leader in church affairs was the _____.

Bishop of Rome / Pope

The high level of _____ evident in the Christian congregations was a primary argument for the truth of Christianity.

Unity

Bishop _____ of Carthage said flatly, “Outside the church there is no salvation.”

Cyprian

_____ represented the utmost glory that a Christian could attain.

Martyrdom

_____, best known for his translation of the Bible into Latin (the Vulgate version), was a rigid monk.

Jerome

Thus, the church moves through history to a special beat _____.

Rhythm

_____, the “first Christian scholar,” was versed not only in the Holy Scriptures but also in knowledge of his time, including Greek philosophy.

Origen

Origen held to an _____ interpretation of Scripture. He held that there are three levels of meaning in the Bible.

Allegorical

Clement and Origen demonstrated that _____ could find a home and a future within the church.

Greek philosophy

We need to learn to think of Christianity as a tri-continental religion, encompassing _____ as well as Africa and Europe from its earliest days.

Asia

In time, _____ expressions of Christianity exploded eastward and southward.

Syriac

The oldest Christian communities in India refer to themselves as _____ Christians.

Thomas

According to _____'s Ecclesiastical History, it was Mark who first established churches in Alexandria.

Eusebius

The Ethiopian Orthodox Church is still united with the _____ Coptic Church in Egypt and stands as the most vibrant example of indigenous _____ Christianity.

African

_____ represents the passing of the Age of Catholic Christianity and the beginning of the Age of the Christian Roman Empire.

Constantine's conversion

_____ abruptly ordered the most vicious of all persecutions of the Christians.

Diocletian

At Milvian Bridge, Constantine in a dream saw a cross in the sky and the words “_____.”

“In this sign conquer”

From the year 312, Constantine favored _____ openly.

Christianity

True/False: By 380 AD rewards for Christians had given way to penalties for non-Christians.

True

True/False: Christians, Muslims, and Jews all worship a three-in-one deity.

False

_____ openly challenged teachers in Alexandria by asserting that the Word (Logos) who assumed flesh in Jesus Christ was a lesser god who had a different nature than God the Father and that the Son was neither eternal nor omnipresent.

Arius

Constantine recognized that the explosive issue of Jesus' nature had to be diffused. So, in 325 AD he called for a council to meet at _____.

Nicaea

Athanasius and his followers insisted on the term _____, meaning “same nature,” to describe the nature of the Son in relation to the Father in God.

Homoousios

In the early Church, salvation was more than going to heaven; it was about _____.

Participation in the life of God / becoming like God

In 451 AD a general council at _____ affirmed that Jesus Christ was “complete in Godhead and complete in manhood.”

Chalcedon

_____ said that only a body represented Christ's human nature.

Apollinaris

The teachings of

_____ claimed that Christ was of one nature.

Eutyches

True/False: Chalcedon said Jesus is God; Jesus is human. Within this lies the mystery of the God-man.

True

By the fourth century, the model Christian was no longer the courageous bishop dragged before wild beasts in a Roman arena. The model became _____ in the forsaken Egyptian desert defying the devil.

The monk / hermit

The first form of _____ was the lonely hermit.

Monasticism

The hermit often fled from _____.

society / the world

While the hermit's popularity continued in Egypt, the monastic movement took a significant step forward when around the year 320 AD a former soldier named Pachomius instituted the first Christian _____.

Monastery

The Christian monk took a threefold vow of _____.

Poverty, chastity, and obedience

To this day Christians feel the impact of _____'s mind and soul. Catholicism draws especially upon his doctrine of the Church while Protestants draw especially upon his view of sin and grace.

Augustine

In _____, Augustine discovered that Christianity could be both eloquent and intelligent.

Milan

Augustine rejected the _____ view of a pure church. Until Judgment Day, the church would be a mixed multitude of both good and bad people.

Donatist

The _____ debate evoked Augustine's emphasis on salvation by grace.

Pelagian

Augustine saw the City of God as bound together by _____.

Love

According to the official teaching of the Catholic Church, defined at the First Vatican Council (1870), Jesus Christ established the _____ with the Apostle Peter, and the bishop of Rome as Peter's successor bears supreme authority over the whole church.

Papacy

Pope _____ the Great or the First was a major figure in the process of establishing the concept of papal rule over the whole church.

Leo

As the church grew, it adopted, quite naturally, the structure of the _____.

Roman Empire

In 330 AD, Constantine moved his imperial residence to “New Rome,” the ancient city of Byzantium, soon to be known as _____.

Constantinople

Leo saved the city of Rome twice from destruction. _____, so to speak in the person of Leo, had come to power.

The Roman Empire

_____ is about fifteen distinct churches, mostly in Eastern Europe, bound together by a common faith and a common history.

Eastern Orthodoxy

The best starting point for understanding Orthodoxy is not its basic doctrine but its holy images, called _____.

Icons

The great theme of Orthodox theology is the _____ of God and the recreation of human beings to reflect more God's image.

Deification

In 395 AD, the Emperor _____ divided the kingdom between his two sons. Honorius received the West and Arcadius the East.

Theodosius I

Gradually, _____ came to see herself as the leader of the Orthodox world.

Constantinople

The year 476 AD usually marks the end of the _____ in the West.

Roman Empire

True/False: The barbarians were brought to orthodox Christianity directly from paganism and indirectly through Arianism.

True

True/False: Ireland's patron saint, Patrick, was born and raised in Ireland.

False

True/False: Europe was converted to Christianity by way of individuals coming to faith in Christ, receiving a period of instruction and then being baptized.

False

The initiative for the conversion of the English people came from Pope _____ the Great in 596 AD.

Gregory

Studying Church History helps the Christian find _____.

Perspective

Studying Church History enables the Christian to see _____.

The faithfulness of God

The central event in all of history is _____.

Jesus Christ / the incarnation of Christ

Studying Church History motivates us to look where the Great Cloud of Witnesses looked. Studying Church History calls us to look _____.

To Jesus

True/False: The Study of Church History manifests the faithfulness of God from generation to generation.

True

Christian Theism provides a foundation for _____.

Meaning and purpose in history

The _____ period of Church History extends from the time the last apostle died and the last book of the New Testament was written (about 100 AD) until about 500 AD.

Ancient

The so-called _____ period of Church History extends from about 500 AD to about 1500 AD.

Medievel

The _____ period of Church History extends from about 1500 AD to about 1650 AD.

Reformation

The _____ period of Church History began about 1650 and extends to the present day.

Modern

The _____ are church leaders, sometimes bishops, sometimes theologians, who worked to define what Christianity is, both in terms of belief and practice after the death of the original twelve apostles and Paul.

Church Fathers

_____ of Carthage (c. 160 AD–c. 220 AD) advocated Christians to separate themselves from pagan, non-Christian culture. He thought that Jerusalem and Athens had nothing to do with each other.

Tertullian

_____ of Alexandria (c. 296 AD–373 AD) was a young deacon who along with Alexander of Alexandria staunchly defended the Nicene Faith.

Athanasius

_____ of Caesarea (c. 263 AD–339 AD) is widely regarded as the Father of Church History.

Eusebius

_____ spent years in desert seclusion, was a strong advocate of monasticism and translated the Bible into Latin.

Jerome

Saint Augustine's two works, _____, profoundly shaped Western Christianity and philosophy.

The Confessions and The City of God

Augustine's _____ shaped medieval thought, the Reformers and continues to influence contemporary discussions about the nature of God, the universe, and the human condition.

Theology / philosophical theology

Augustine's epistemological theory, often called the _____, suggests that God's grace is essential for gaining knowledge, including knowledge of ourselves and the world.

Divine illumination

Saint Augustine's ethics centers on the idea that true _____ is found in God and that virtue, which is a gift from God, is essential for achieving it.

Happiness

Saint Augustine's political philosophy posits _____: one characterized by self-centeredness and conflict and the other characterized by a spiritual community striving for divine love and justice.

Two cities — the City of Man and the City of God

“He [Christ] became man that we might become God.” _____ has been and remains central to the soteriology (doctrine of salvation) of the Eastern Church.

Deification / theosis

There are various strands of thought on _____, but one way to look at it is to see it as synonymous with adoption, renewal, salvation, sanctification, grace, illumination, and vivification viewed in holistic terms rather than as discreet elements.

Deification

In broad brush strokes, the West (Catholic and Protestant) is strongly Pauline while the East is basically _____.

Johannine

According to Letham, the main problem with Orthodox soteriology is _____, in which human free will plays a central part in the process of salvation.

Synergism

True/False: There is one practical lesson to be learned from the Orthodox orientation to deification according to Robert Letham. That is that Reformed Christians (Western Christians in general), along with Eastern Christians, are simply travelers who have not yet arrived at our spiritual destination.

True