Functional groups of organic compounds

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Functional Groups

The drawings of the structure within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules.

Alkanes

Hydrocarbons containing only carbon and hydrogen with all single bonds.

Cycloalkanes

Cyclic hydrocarbons made up of only single bonds.

Alkenes

Hydrocarbons containing carbon to carbon double bonds.

Diene

A molecule with two carbon-carbon double bonds.

Alcohols

Organic compounds containing a hydroxyl (-OH) group associated with a carbon skeleton.

Hydrogen Bonds

Weak attractions between hydrogen and electronegative atoms, influencing the solubility of short-chain alcohols in water.

Phenols

A type of compound with a hydroxyl (-OH) group attached directly to a benzene ring.

Phenyl Group

The C6H5 group, known for its connection to phenols.

Aldehydes

Organic compounds containing a carbonyl group (C=O) at the end of a carbon chain.

Carboxylic Acids

Organic acids containing a carboxyl (-COOH) group.

Ester

A compound formed from the reaction of an alcohol and a carboxylic acid, characterized by a -COO- group.

Ethers

Organic compounds containing an oxygen atom sandwiched between two carbon atoms, without C=O or O-H groups.

Primary Alcohol

An alcohol where the hydroxyl (-OH) group is attached to a primary carbon, typically at the end of the carbon chain.

Secondary Alcohol

An alcohol where the hydroxyl (-OH) group is attached to a secondary carbon, bonded to two other carbons.

Tertiary Alcohol

An alcohol where the hydroxyl (-OH) group is attached to a tertiary carbon, which is connected to three other carbons.

Arene

A cyclic compound including an aromatic ring, which contains alternating double bonds.

Carboxyl Group

The functional group -COOH found in carboxylic acids.