lab exam 2

cocci

spherical

bacilli

rod

spirilla

spiral

diplo

pairs

strepto

chains

staphylo

clusters

hypotonic

lower solute outside cell, higher water inside cell, if something gains mass

hypertonic

higher solute outside cell, lower water inside cell, if something loses mass

high concentration

loses most mass (or gains the least)

low concerntration

gains most mass (or loses the least)

relative osmolarity

-percent change in mass
-(final-initial)/initial x100

why did the compounds diffuse at different rates?

because of their different molecular weights (the heavier the slower)

summarize the relationship between the molecular weight of a compound and its diffusion rate

a high molecular weight has a slower diffusion rate

why did the food coloring take different lengths of time to diffuse through the water?

different temperatures of the water (higher the temperature the faster the diffusion)

iodine indicates the presence of what organic molecule?

starch

an animal cell is placed in a hypertonic solution

crenation

an animal cell is placed in an isotonic solution

the cell size will remain unchanged

a plant cell is placed in a hypotonic solution

turgor

why did the starchchange inside the dialysis bag change color but the iodine water surrounding the dialysis bag did not change color?

iodine can move through the dialysis bag while starch cannot

which molecule is the smaller molecule? (iodine or starch)

iodine, because it could move into the bag

where there is best absorbance means..

best photosynthesis

color pigment

lowest absorbance

high transmittance

low absorbance

based on your data, which range(s) of wavelengths have the lowest absorbance?

400s and 700s nm have the lowest absorbance

what color(s) do these ranges of wavelengths represent?

red (700nm) and violet (400nm)

is this color range similar to the color of your sample?

yes, our sample was violet at the color of the sample should have low absorbance.

define transmittance

the ratio of the light energy falling on a body to that transmitted through it

define absorbance

a measure of the capacity of a substance to absorb light of a specified wavelength

what can you conclude about the relationship between an object's color and its absorbance?

at the color of the object you should have low absorbance

what can you conclude about the relationship between an object's color and its transmittance?

at the objects color you should have high transmittance

denature

ph, temperature, high salt

given scenarios predict function of enzymes:

-temperature
-ph
-substrate concentration
-enzyme concentration

what do you think would happen if you added 5 drops of catalase, 1ml of h2o2 and 1 ml of lemon juice to a test tube

i would expect low activity

describe your expected results if you added 1 ml of h2o2 and 5 drops of a 10% enzyme solution to a test tube. Why would you expect these results?

i would expect little activity because there's too little enzyme

why was it necessary to seal the top of the flask with a balloon?

to prevent oxygen from coming in and trap the carbon dioxide

what products will be produced in the flask after considerable time?

carbon dioxide and ethanol

after a few days, if phenol red was added to the liquid in the flask, what color would you expect the solution to turn?

orange/yellow, carbon dioxide is turning the solution acidic

what caused the phenol red solution to change color/ph?

carbon dioxide

what type of cellular metabolism was occuring in the person that blew air into the flask?

aerobic cellulat respiration

which gas tested represents a reactant in the process of cellular respiration?

oxygen is the reactant

did the gas concentration (oxygen) increase or decrease over time? how does that compare with what you would expect is cellular respiration is occuring?

decrease, cell respiration decreases oxygen as it is used up.

wha gas tested represents a product in the process of cellular respiration?

carbon dioxide

was there a difference in the rate of gas consumption/production in the room temperature versus the cold beans?

yes, cool beans should have slower metabolism since they're cool

how do you think the data might be different in you were comparing gas exchange of 50 grams of insects to 50 grams of germinating beans?

yes, because insects should have a faster metabolism

how do you think the data might be different if you were comparing gas exchange of 50 grams of live plant leaves compared to the germinating beans?

photosynthesis is going to use carbon dioxide and make oxygen which may change your oxygen and co2 levels.

which colored bulb resulted in the best rate of photosynthesis?

yellow, had the most disks floating earliest

based on your knowledge of photosynthesis, what color(s) would you expect to have the highest rate of photosynthesis?

blue and red because that's where chlorophyll has the highest absorbance

why did the spinach disks have to be placed in a syringe and vacuum pressure applied in this experiment? why were bubbles being pulled out of the leaf disks?

you remove the air and oxygen so they sink