Basic Medical Language 7th Edition Chapter 1

carcin/o

cancer

cyt/o

cell(s)

epitheli/o

epithelium, epithelial tissue

hist/o

tissue(s)

lip/o

fat, fat tissue

my/o

muscle(s), muscle tissue

neur/o

nerve(s), nerve tissue

onc/o

tumor(s)

organ/o

organ

path/o

disease

radi/o

x-rays (ionizing radiation)

sarc/o

flesh, connective tissue

system/o

system

viscer/o

internal organs

-al

pertaining to

-genic

producing, originating, causing

-ic

pertaining to

-logist

one who studies and treats (specialist, physician)

-logy

study of

-megaly

enlargement

-oid

resembling

-oma

tumor

-plasm

growth (substance or formation)

-stasis

control, stop

meta-

beyond

neo-

new

acronym

terms formed from the first letters of the words in a phrase that can be spoken as a whole word

LASIK

example of acronym

eponym

terms named for a person or place

Parkinson disease

example of eponym

modern language

terms derived from the English language reflecting scientific advancement and new technologies

nuclear medicine scanner

example of modern language

greek and latin

terms built from Greek and Latin word parts

arthritis

example of Greek and latin

word root

core of the term; fundamental meaning. All medical terms have one or more word roots

suffix

attached to the end of the word root and provides additional information; modifies meaing

prefix

attached to the beginning of the word root and provides additional information; modifies meaning

combining vowel

vowel, usually an "o", placed between two word roots and between a word root and a suffix

cell

basic unit of all living things; the human body is composed of trillions of cells that vary in size and shape according to function

tissue

group of similar cells that perform a specific function

organ

two or more kinds of tissues that together perform special body functions

system

group of organs that work together to perform complex body functions

carcinogenic

producing cancer

carcinoid

resembling cancer

carcinoma

cancerous tumor

cytology

study of cells

epithelial

pertaining to epileium

epithelioma

tumor composed of epithelial tissue

histology

study of tissues

lipoid

resembling fat

lipoma

tumor composed of fat tissue

metastasis

beyond control (transfer) of cells for one organ to another, as in malignant tumors)

myoma

tumor composed of muscle tissue

neoplasm

new growth

neuroma

tumor composed of nerve tissue

oncologist

physician who studies and treats tumors

oncology

study of tumors

organomegaly

enlargement of an organ

pathogenic

producing disease

pathologist

physician who studies diseases

pathology

study of disease

radiologist

physician who studies and treats using x-rays

radiology

study of x-rays

sarcoma

tumor of connective tissue

systemic

pertaining to a (body) system (or the body as a whole)

visceral

pertaining to internal organs

benign

not malignant, nonrecurring

biological therapy

treatment of cancer with biological response modifier (BRM) that work with the immune systen

biopsy

removing of living tissue to be viewed under a microscope for diagnostic purposes

chemistry panel (CMP)

series of laboratory tests performed on a blood sample that gives information regarding multiple systems, including the kidneys, liver and lungs and provides glucose and protein levels

chemotherapy

treatment of cancer with pharmaceuticals that target all cells reproducing at a fast rate, destroys both tumor cells and healthy cells that have rapid production rates

CBC with differential

A laboratory test called a WBC differential is used in the diagnosis of infection and inflammation.

A WBC with differential measures the total number of WBCs and calculates the percentages of specific types of WBCs within the total.

diagnosis

identification of a disease

genetic testing

laboratory test usually performed on a blood sample or cheek swabs to examine DNA

infeciton

invasion of pathogen in body tissue

inflammation

localized, protective response to injury or tissue destruction characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain

malignant

tending to become progressively worse, possibly resulting in death

prognosis

a prediction of the probable course and outcome of a disease

radiation therapy

treatment of cancer with a radioactive substance, x-ray, or radiation

remission

lessening or absence of signs of disease

specimen

sample of blood, urine, or body tissue that is taken for laboratory testing

Staphylococcus

bacterium that grows in a pattern resembling grapelike clusters and can cause infections

Streptococcus

bacterium that grows in a pattern resembling twisted chains and can cause infections