German history study guide

Nationalism

Identifying with a group sharing language and culture.

Appeasement

Europe's inaction against Hitler's Treaty violations.

Drang Nach Osten

German expansion eastward during the Middle Ages.

Reformation

Break from Catholic Church control over believers.

Black Plague

In the 1300s, 1/3 of Europeans died.

Kristallnacht

Nazi destruction of Jewish shops in 1938.

D-Day

The Allied invasion of Normandy in WWII.

Battle of Stalingrad

Over 1,000,000 civilians died during this battle.

Airdrops

USA and Britain supplied Berlin during Soviet blockade.

Hanseatic League

Trade organization of northern German city-states.

Marshall Plan

USA's financial aid to rebuild Germany and Japan.

Weimar Republic

German government post-WWI until Hitler's rise.

Plan Barbarossa

Hitler's failed invasion plan for Russia.

Austro-Hungarian Empire

Ruled by Hapsburgs, diverse nationalities included.

Holy Roman Empire

Loose confederation of German states with elected rulers.

Germanic Tribes

Included Vandals, Bavarians, Angles, Visigoths, Jutes.

Karl der Grosse

Unified Western Europe, crowned by the Pope.

Friedrich Barbarossa

Expanded HRE into Italy, known as 'Red Beard'.

Luther's Reformation

Exposed church corruption, empowered religious freedom.

Thirty Years War

Caused population loss, political fragmentation, religious freedom.

Prussia in 1800s

Valued military leaders, professors, and social hierarchy.

Germany's Unification Year

Germany united in 1990 through wars and treaties.

Causes of WWI

Nationalism, militarism, and alliances led to conflict.

Treaty of Versailles

Germany lost territories, faced reparations, military restrictions.

Hitler's Rise to Power

Used propaganda, violence, and scapegoating to gain control.

Modern Germany

Democratic, culturally diverse, progressive social values.