Topic 5 - Issues and Impacts

Lots of resources are needed to…

• Produce

• Distribute

• Use

Manufacture

• Made from metal and plastic

• Limited resources

• Can be toxic

• Water consumption

Use

• Web servers and computers

• Need to left running continuously

• Requires lots of energy

Disposal

• Hard to recycle

  • landfill

• Contain toxic things

• Cannot be burnt without releasing toxic gases

• Throwaway culture

Replacement cycle

• How often digital devices are replaced

• Worsened by a throwaway culture

Ethical concerns

Moral principals that control our behaviour

Robot

• Can carry out a task by following a precise set of instructions

• Responds to a stimulus to do something specific

Dumb robot

Repeat same program over again

Smart Robot

• Carries out more complex task

• Can adapt and learn

Issues with robotics

• Accountability

• Safety

• Algorithmic bias

• Legal liability

Accountability

• Choices of AI have consequences

• Who is accountable

• How does it make its decisions

Safety

• It makes its own choices

• Who's safety should be prioritised

Algorithmic bias

• When it has it make a decision that favours one group over another

• Bias loan approvals

Legal liability

• When AI leads to death or criminal activity

• Who is responsible

  • Programmer

  • Manufacturer

  • Consumer

Solutions for issues

• Auditing

• Human oversight

• Transparency

Intellectual property

Refers to a creation of the human mind

Types of protection for Intellectual Property

• Copyright

• Patent

• Trademark

• Licensing

Copyright

• Protects creative and original works

• Creator has exclusive rights to reproduce, display etc similar works from the OG creation

• Creators life + 70 years

• Automatic

• Creative works like books

Patent

• Non-obvious discoveries

• Make, use, sell object

• 20 years

• Not automatic

• Inventions

Trademark

• Recognisable sign/logo

• Prevents others from using it

• Forever if renewed

• Not automatic

What is malware

• Causes data to be deleted, corrupted

• Computer crashes

Types of Malware

• Virus

• Worms

• Trojans

• Key logger

• Ransomware

Virus

• Replicates itself

• Causes unwanted and unexpected events to occur

• Corrupts files

• Deletes data

  

Worms

• Similar to virus

• Spread to other drives on a network

• Spread via email, network connection or Ims

Trojans

• Disguise themselves as legitimate software

• Contain malicious code

Key logger

• Record your screen

• Log your keystrokes

• Gain access to your passwords

Ransomware

• Encrypts your documents

• Demand for money

• No guarantee you'll get info back

Exploitation of vulnerabilities

• Hacker

• Unpatched software

• Out of data antimalware

Hacker

• Exploits technical vulnerabilities

• Seek out opportunities

Unpatched software

• Flaws and vulnerabilities may exist

• Provides an opportunity for hackers

• Leads to data breaches or malware

Out of date antimalware

• Not effective at protecting against new threats

• Malware have unique signature

• Out of date won't have updated list

• Can lead to data/financial loss

Social engineering

• Exploiting human weaknesses

• Targeting people

• Manipulate people into giving up data

Types of Social Engineering

• Pretexting

• Phishing

• Baiting

• Quid Pro Quo

Pretexting

• Uses an invented scenario

• So that target will divulge information

Phishing

• Sending fraudulent emails/messages to lots of people

• Pretend to be a reputable company

• Gain access

Baiting

• Offer something appealing

• Something for free or a prize

• Directs to fake website or something else

Quid Pro Quo

• Desire to repay a kind gesture

• Similar to baiting but offers a service

• Offer to fix computer

Cybersecurity

• Antimalware

• Encryption

• AUP

• Backup and Recovery

Antimalware Types

• Combination of different software to prevent viruses

• Such as

  • Anti-virus

  • Anti-spam

  • Anti spyware

How does antimalware work

• Scans through email attachments, websites and files for issues

  • Compares to unique malware signature

  • Blocks immediately

  • Monitors behaviour

    • Rapid deletion

    • Attempt to access sensitive data

• Check updates

Encryption

• Encoding so cannot be read by anyone

• Needs decryption key

• Uses complex math algorithm to scramble text

• Asymmetric encryption

  • Private key, public key encryption

  • Used for websites

• Used where sensitive data is transmitted

AUP

• Outlines what is and isn't acceptable on network

• Expectations of responsible technology use is clear

• Way to hold people accountable

  • Does not stop misuse

• Requires users to sign terms and conditions

Back up and recovery

• Set out steps in case data is lost

  • Hardware failure

  • Cyber attack

  • Software issues

• Types

  • Off-site storage

  • Stand by equipment

    • Replaces primary equipment in case of failure