HHD AOS2 SAC1

What are the stages of the lifespan?

Infancy, Early Childhood, Late Childhood, Youth, Early Adulthood, Middle Adulthood, Late Adulthood

state government resource for new parents

State government offers Maternal and child health line for families with children from birth to school age, offering guidance on child health, well-being, and parenting.

local government resources

Local government provides daycares, playgroups, and recreation facilities and implements immunisation programs

development

the series of orderly, predictable changes that occur from fertilisation until death. Can be physical, social, emotional or intellectual.

What age range does late adulthood cover?

65+ years old

what happens in the germinal stage 0-2 weeks

cells divide rapidly, zygote attaches to the uterine wall. the stage where most miscarriages occur

what happens in the embryonic stage 3-8 weeks

The implantation is complete and cells divide rapidly and take on specialised roles. Development of vital organs, body systems, and structures develop.

what happens in the foetal stage 9-38/40 weeks

rapid development of muscles and the nervous system. foetus can move its limbs and start growing its eyelashes, hairs and fingernails

developmental milestones during early childhood

slow and steady growth, learn social skills that allow them to interact - make friends and toilet trained

developmental milestones during late childhood

refining reading and writing skills, developing
long-term memory

what developmental milestones occur during young adulthood

become focused on building a career, choose a life partner, get married and/or have children.

what are perceptions

beliefs or opinions based on how things seem

negative perceptions of youth

youths are entitled, reckless and disrespectful

positive perceptions of youth

tech savvy, educated: more opportunities

negative perceptions of late adulthood

bad drivers, burden on the healthcare system and conservative and closed mindset

what are risk factors

something that increases the likelihood of developing disease or injury
EG: smoking, obesity and drinking

What age range does infancy cover?

0-2 years old

What age range does early childhood cover?

2-6 years old

What age range does late childhood cover?

6-12 years old

What age range does youth cover?

12-18 years old

What age range does early adulthood cover?

18-40 years old

What age range does middle adulthood cover?

40-65 years old

three stages of prenatal development

germinal, embryonic, foetal

what are protective factors

something that enhances the likelihood of a positive health and wellbeing outcome and lessens the likelihood of negative health and wellbeing outcomes from exposure to risk

what is a healthy and respectful relationship?

a healthy and respectful have positive impacts on all aspects of health and wellbeing and development for people across the lifespan

characteristics of a healthy relationship

respect, trust, honesty, loyalty, empathy, safety and equality

how can a healthy relationship impact physical development

feeling safe with your partner when going out and not being afraid to explore an branch out

how can a healthy relationship impact intellectual development

having a positive and open mindset. being able to make good decisions by yourself and with partner without conflict

how can a healthy relationship impact emotional development

feeling a healthy amount of emotions and having self concept in a relationship

how can a healthy relationship impact social development

having good communication, relationship skills and understanding behaviours

what are primary sexual characteristics?

body parts that are directly involved in reproduction and form what are commonly referred to as 'genitals' and organs of reproduction

EG: first ovulation, menstruation, and first ejaculation

what are secondary sexual characteristics?

traits arising from changes in both males and females at puberty. They are neither directly related to reproduction nor present at birth.

EG: hips widen, breasts develop and voice lowers

physical development

changes to the body and its systems. These can be changes in size (i.e. growth), complexity (for example, the increase in complexity of the nervous system) and motor skills (for example, learning to walk).

intellectual development

the increase in complexity of processes in the brain such as thought, knowledge and memory

emotional development

relates to experiencing the full range of emotions, and increasing complexity relating to the expression of emotions, the development of a self-concept and resilience

social development

the increasing complexity of behaviour patterns used in relationships with other people

EG: behaviours, social roles and relationship skills

authoritarian

a style of parenting that employs strict rules, and punishment if rules are broken

authoritative

a style of parenting that uses positive reinforcement of good behaviours and flexibility in interpretation of rules

permissive

a style of parenting that is low in discipline and whereby parents see themselves more as friends than parents

uninvolved

a parenting style whereby parents show little interest in their children's lives

risk factors related to prenatal development

Tobacco smoke contains thousands of chemicals and acts to reduce the oxygen flow to the placenta and exposes the developing foetus to numerous toxins causing things such as low birth weight and prematurity

Alcohol use before pregnancy can interfere with infertility. If alcohol is consumed during pregnancy, the foetus can develop alcohol spectrum disorder and has a risk of dying at birth

protective factors related to prenatal development

maternal diet - The ongoing development of the fetus relies on the health and well-being of the embryo. Folate is essential for red blood cell formation and reduces the risk of neural tube defects like spina bifida. Iodine is important for the baby's brain development.

antenatal care - important to monitor the health and well-being of the mother and baby designed to reduce the rates of premature deaths and treat pregnancy complications

physical development in infancy

gross motor skills - lifting head up and crawling

intellectual development in infancy

knowledge and memory - within the first few months the infant will recognise its name and will respond to it and begin to recognise the names of favourite people, objects and basic colours

emotional development infancy

experiencing a range of emotions - emotional attachment formed within months with caregivers. strong emotional bond can cause an infant to develop separation anxiety

social development in infancy

communication skills - they begin to smile at around six weeks and after six months will begin to recognise the facial expressions of others

Physical development in early childhood

gross motor skills increase and fine motor skills progress

Intellectual development in early childhood

thought patterns and problem-solving: writing basic letters and reading basic books

Emotional development in early childhood

developing self-concept: children will develop an identity that will continue to form. learn to see themselves as individuals and develop ownership

teratogen

anything in the environment of the embryo that can cause defects in development.

EG: smoke, alcohol and prescription medication

impact of early life experiences on PIES

body weight - Children born from an undernourished mother will have an increased risk of premature birth and low birth weight, a weakened immune response and a higher incidence of coronary heart disease, obesity and hypertension later in life

early relationships - when supportive relationships with adults protect a young child, they can cope with new people, situations and frustration. However, when they are in stressful environments they are more likely to have poor literacy, school readiness, communication and social health and well-being issues

intergenerational nature of health and wellbeing.

The health, well-being and development of one generation influence the health, well-being and development of the next.

EG. children of mothers who smoke have higher rates of obesity

physical developmental transitions from youth to adulthood

changes to the body system (size, mass, tissue and systems also change in structure and function)

EG: the change in the way sex organs function during youth

intellectual developmental transitions from youth to adulthood

as the brain starts to develop during youth and early adulthood, so does the capacity to remember past events and concepts

emotional developmental transitions from youth to adulthood

self-concept - they explore different values and beliefs and have a deeper understanding of who they are as people. They become more comfortable with themselves as their self-concept develops

social developmental transitions from youth to adulthood

communication skills - types of interactions that occur during youth allow them to be treated freely and as adults, as a result, their communication skills are further developed and they can experience more intimate relationships

considerations in becoming a parent such as responsibilities

Ensures that a child's needs and an optimal environment for development are fulfilled. If the child's needs can be physically, intellectually, emotionally and socially met.

social support for parents

can be practical assistance like babysitters, help with meal preparation sharing of information. Having family member such as grandparents to babysit means that parents can work and increase financial resources

emotional support for parents

grandparents can help new parents by sharing their own experiences and people who encourage or are active listeners to new parents help them see in a more positive light and identify ways to cope with

federal government resource for new parents

medicare, increasing the accessibility of antenatal care for pregnant women, providing nurses and midwifery during birth

what is conception

the process of the sperm fertilising the egg

fertilisation

occurs in the fallopian tube

physical development of childhood

Gross motor skills increase - walking more fluid and refined

fine motor skills progress - hold crayons and use scissors