Functional Group Nomenclature

carboxy-

prefix for carboxylic acid

-oic acid

suffix for carboxylic acid

-oic anhydride or carboxylic anhydride

suffix for acid anhydrides

alkoxycarbonyl-

prefix for esters

-oate or -carboxylate

suffix for esters

halocarbonyl--

prefix for acyl halides

-oyl halide or -carbonyl halide

suffix for acyl halides

carbamoyl-

prefix for amides

-amide or -carboxamide

suffix for amides

cyano-

prefix for nitriles

-nitrile or carbonitrile

suffix for nitriles

formyl-

prefix for aldehydes

-al or -carbaldehyde

suffix for aldehydes

thioformyl-

prefix for thioaldehydes

-thial

suffix for thioaldehydes

oxo-

prefix for ketones

-one

suffix for ketones

thioxo-

prefix for thiones

-thione

suffix for thiones

hydroxy-

prefix for alcohols

-ol

suffix for alcohols

mercapto- or sulfanyl-

prefixes for thiols

-thiol

suffix for thiols

amino-

prefix for amines

-amine

suffix for amines

alkoxy- or oxa-

prefix for ethers

-ether or -ane

suffix for ethers

alkenyl-

prefix for alkenes

-ene

suffix for alkenes

alkynyl-

prefix for alkynes

-yne

suffix for alkynes

halo-

prefix for alkyl halides

-ane

suffix for alkyl halides

nitro-

prefix for nitro

-ane

suffix for nitro

alkyl-

prefix for alkanes

-ane

suffix for alkanes