unit 2

What was the role of the Abbasid Caliphate in relation to the Silk Roads?

They revived the Silk Roads and facilitated better trade.

What does Pax Mongolica refer to?

An era of Mongol peace that led to improved trade, roads, and laws protecting merchants.

What innovations helped improve trade during the Mongol Empire?

magnetic compass, rudder, and junks.

What is Kashgar known for

A central city that thrived due to its abundant water supply and served as a trading hub in the route of Silk Roads

What types of goods were artisans in Kashgar known for producing?

Textiles, rugs, leather goods, and pottery.

What made Samarkand a culturally significant city?

It was religiously diverse and an Islamic center of learning.

What were caravanserais?

Inns located about 100 miles apart for resting merchants and their animals.

Who was Marco Polo and what was his contribution regarding the Silk Roads?

A Venetian merchant who documented his travels to China, inspiring future explorers.

What was 'flying cash' and how did it influence banking in Europe?

A Chinese system of transferring paper money that led to the establishment of banking houses in Europe.

What is the significance of Genghis Khan's title?

'Khan' means king, and Genghis Khan was elected at a kuriltai.

What tactic did Mongols use in battles to confuse their enemies?

They would send a smaller force to feign retreat, drawing enemies into a trap.

What was the Mongol method of governance during Pax Mongolica?

They implemented religious tolerance and consulted local influences for governance.

What was the Golden Horde?

An army led by Batu, Genghis Khan's son, that conquered parts of Russia.

What was the significance of Ivan III for Russia?

He unified Rus people and declared independence from the Mongols.

What was the effect of the Battle of Ain Jalut on Mongol expansion?

It stopped the Mongols from further expanding into Egypt.

What role did Kublai Khan play in Chinese history?

He ended the Song Dynasty and rebuilt much of China, including its infrastructure.

How did the Mongols lose power in China?

They began appointing foreign officials over Chinese and dismantled the civil service exam, causing unrest.

Who unified the Asante Epire and what was it known for?

unification under Osei Tutu and known for military strength.

What characterized the Songhai Empire's expansion?

It took advantage of Mali's decline, focusing on trade and territorial control.

What did Mansa Musa's pilgrimage demonstrate?

It showcased Mali's wealth and established strong trade relationships.

What was the significance of Timbuktu?

It became a center of Islamic learning and trade in West Africa.

How did slavery in the Indian Ocean Trade differ from that in the Americas?

Slaves in the Islamic World had more freedoms and were often employed in various skilled jobs.

What advancements in maritime technology were made during the Indian Ocean trade?

Innovations like lanteen sails, stern rudders, and the astrolabe improved navigation.

What role did Zheng He play in establishing trade?

His voyages with junks aimed to expand Chinese influence and trade networks.

How did the agricultural practices in Africa change during this era?

Increasingly intensive agriculture techniques improved yields and introduced new crops.

What was the impact of the Bubonic Plague during the Mongol Empire?

The plague spread due to increased trade and movement along the Silk Roads.

What were the key effects of the Little Ice Age on European agriculture and society?

It led to a decline in agricultural productivity and trade, and population decrease.

What was the economic significance of Malacca during the Indian Ocean Trade?

It profited from imposing fees on ships, becoming a wealthy trade hub.

What effect did the Golden Stool have on the Asante Empire?

It served as a symbol of unity and power for the Asante people.