The ________ system circa 1300 is called a ‘ ‘ world system not because it literally spanned the entire globe, but because it was greater than any one given part.
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Humans
________ get their nitrogen by consuming plants or animal protein.
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Diet
________ and caloric intake, along with epidemic disease, famine, war, and other disasters, kept human life expectancy much shorter than it is today.
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Agriculture
________ provided not only food for the entire society, but most of the raw materials for whatever industry there was, especially textiles for clothing.
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Food shortages
________, dearth, and famine were an all- too- real part of life for people in 1400.
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1300s
The mid- to late ________ constituted a serious crisis in world history.
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human numbers
An increase in ________ is an indication of our species success in obtaining greater food energy from the ecosystem.
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Mexico
In ________, nearly 90 % of the population (twenty- five million) succumbed to European diseases (smallpox and influenza)
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Population growth
________ and decline each brought certain benefits and difficulties to a society.
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bubonic plague
The ________, killed tens of millions of people in the mid- 1300s.
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rough indicator of wealth
Towns and cities can be used as a(n) ________.
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China
In ________, tigers at one time inhabited most of the region and periodically attacked Chinese villages and cities, carrying away piglets and babies alike when humans disrupted their ecosystem by cutting away the forests that provided them with their favored game, deer or wild boar.
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Nomads
________ were not the only ones to challenge the civilizations, there were other groups, who, unlike the ________ were often quite self- sufficient and could obtain everything they needed from their environment.
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fourteenth century
During the ________, the Old World was connected by eight interlinking trading zones within three great subsystems.
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Wolves
________ roamed throughout most of Europe, as can be attested by Grimms Fairy Tales, packs of wolves entered the cities as they did in Paris in 1420 and 1438.
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agrarian world
The ________ was not made by the ruling elites, but as a result of the interactions, understandings, and agreements among state agents, landowners, and rural peasant producers.
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Agricultural advances
________ made possible ever- greater amounts of food than the direct producers could consume in any given year, in other words, an ‘ ‘ agricultural surplus.
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cultural structures
The world is composed of social, economic, political, and ________.
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success of humans
The number of people existing on the earth is an indicator of the ________ in creating material conditions.
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bubonic plague
The ________ is a result of a bacillus, that is, a disease- producing bacterium (Yersinia pestis), that a 2013 study shows exploded.
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Population growth
________ could accompany improving conditions and rising standards of living for most people.
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To those within the centers of the civilization, these nomads appeared to be the opposite of civilized
they were illiterate, and probably superstitious as well
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Nonetheless, the relationship between the two populations clearly was inverse
the more people, the less wildlife
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A growing human population requires additional food and energy supplies to support it, those increases could come from but three sources
bringing more land under cultivation, increasing the labor inputs on a given plot of land, or increasing the amount of water or fertilizer
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The world in the fourteenth century thus was polycentric
it contained several regional systems, each with its own densely populated and wealthy ‘‘core,
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The Black Death
A Mid-Fourteenth-Century Conjuncture
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The mid
to late 1300s constituted a serious crisis in world history
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Flashcard (40)