13 Colonies Part 1

John Winthrop

First governor of the Massachusetts Bay colony

Heretic

People who disagree with the established religious beliefs.

Roger Williams

Founder of Providence and established 1)religious freedom 2) separation of church and state, 3) allowed religious competition.

Fundamental Orders of Connecticut

Possibly the first written constitution, not only in America, but in the world. Included a law stating that all adult men, not just church members, could vote and serve in government.

Thomas Hooker

Established the settlement of Hartford. Believed that men should have the right to participate in government without having to be a member of a church. You don’t have to be a member of particular religion to be allowed to vote. 

New York

The English colony that originally belonged to the Dutch, but taken by the English in 1664.

William Penn

The Quaker that was the founder of the colony of Pennsylvania. Author of the Charter of Liberties - lawmakers elected by citizens of the colony, freedom of religion, freedom of speech, and jury trials for the accused.

Quakers

A group of people that settled in Pennsylvania. These people believed in religious freedom and had an opposition to war. They believed in the Inward Light -that they could discover the true wishes of God from within themselves rather than having minsters interpret the bible.

Philadelphia

The largest city in the colonies by 1750

The Carolinas

Set up as proprietary colonies that eventually gained profits from growing tobacco.

Georgia

These colonies began as a refuge for the poor to start over.

James Oglethorpe

The founder of the colony of Georgia

Cash Crop

A crop grown primarily to be sold at market

Indentured Servant

A person under contract to work for another person for a definite period of time, usually without pay but in exchange for free passage to a new country.

Mayflower Compact

Signed by the Pilgrims on their way to Plymouth, this document is the first in North America to establish self government.

Virginia House of Burgesses

The first legislature anywhere in the English colonies, meeting for the first time on July 30, 1619, at a church in Jamestown. First example of REPRESENTATIVE DEMOCRACY in America.

Reasons for European Exploration

Economic and Religious

Roanoke

The first attempted, but unsuccessful,  English colony in North America

The Virginia Company

The name of the joint stock company that created the colony of Jamestown.

Jamestown

The name of the settlement established by the Virginia Company in 1607. It was the first successful English colony in North America.

John Smith

He helped the colonies survive the first two winters at Jamestown. He issued the order, “He who will not work will not eat.” He traded goods for food with the Powhatan Confederacy and also raided some Indian villages for food. He claim Pocahontas saved his life.

The Starving Time

The winter of 1609-1610 in Jamestown. The settlers had to eat leather, horses, snakes, mice, and even dead bodies.

Tobacco

The cash crop that saved Jamestown and made it profitable.

John Rolfe

He brought the cash crop tobacco to Jamestown and he married Pocahontas.

Significance of the Mayflower Compact

The first document in the new world establishing SELF GOVERNMENT.

Significance of the Virginia House of Burgesses

The first example of representative democracy / Republic in North America. The United States is a Republic.

Pilgrims

Traveled on the Mayflower seeking Religious freedom in the “new world.” Settled in Plymouth, Massachusetts. Created the Mayflower Compact.

Puritans

Came to the “new world” seeking religious freedom and developed Massachusetts Bay Colony. Strict following of their religious rules was required. The were not tolerant of other religions.

Proprietary Colony

A colony owned by an individual or organization.

George Calvert

Also know as Lord Baltimore, he established the colony of Maryland.

Toleration Act of 1649

A law that mandated religious tolerance for all Christians, but death to anyone that denied the divinity of Jesus.