BHT 102.2

(pg. 65) What are obsessions?

Recurrent and persistent thoughts, urges, or images that are experienced as intrusive and inappropriate and results in marked anxiety or distress

(pg. 65) What are compulsions?

Repetitive behaviors that the individual feels driven to perform in response to an obsession or rigid rules

(pg. 66) It is not unusual for someone with OCD to also experience: (4 things)

Severe generalized anxiety

Recurrent panic attacks

Debilitating avoidance

Major depressive at the same time they meet criteria for OCD

(pg. 66) What is tic disorder?

Characterized by involuntary movements like jerking of the limbs

(pg. 66) What are the 2 symptoms/type?

Symmetry

Forbidden thoughts or actions

(pg. 67) What is body dysmorphic disorder (BDD)?

Characterized by the obsessive idea that some part of one's own body or appearance is severely flawed and warrants exceptional measures to hide or fix

(pg. 67) When does the age of onset for BDD peak?

Age of onset ranges from early adolescence through the 20s, PEAKING at 16-17 YEARS OLD

(pg. 67) What is excoriation?

Skin picking disorder - characterized by the repeated urge or impulse to pick at one's own skin

(pg. 71) What are the criteria for Dissociative Amnesia?

1. Inability to recall important autobiographical information, usually of a traumatic or stressful nature, that is inconsistent with ordinary forgetting

(pg. 71) What is localized or selective amnesia?

Failure to recall specific events, usually traumatic in nature, which occurred during a specific time period

(pg. 72) What is a dissociative fugue?

Individual takes off and later finds themselves in a new place, unable to remember why or how they go there

(pg. 72) What are some criteria for Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)?

1. Disruption of identity characterized by two or more distinct personality states

2. Recurrent gaps in the recall of everyday events, important personal information, and/or traumatic events that are inconsistent with ordinary forgetting

(pg. 72) "\____ \________" is usually the person who asks for treatment

Host identity

(pg. 72) The first personality to see treatment is seldom (rarely) the \________ \___________ of the person

original personality

(pg. 76) What is the common example for Somatic Symptom Disorder?

"the experience of severe pain in which psychological factors play a major role in maintaining or exacerbating the pain whether there is a clear physical reason for the pain or not"

(pg. 76) What was Illness Anxiety Disorder formerly known as?

Hypochondriasis

(pg.76) Illness anxiety disorder's physical symptoms are either not present or present in a mild form, but a high level of anxiety is focused on the possibility that a \_______ \_______ may develop

serious disease

(pg. 77) What are some criteria for Illness Anxiety Disorder?

1. Preoccupation with fears of having or acquiring a serious illness

2. Somatic symptoms are not present or, if present, are only mild in intensity. If another medical condition is present or there is a risk for developing a medical condition, the preoccupation is clearly excessive or disproportionate

(pg. 77) Reassurances from numerous doctors that everything is normal/well and the individual is in good health have only a \_____-\____ effect

short-term

(pg. 77) Three factors that may contribute to the etiological process of Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders

1. These disorders seem to develop in the context of a stressful life event

2. Individuals with these disorders appear to have a disproportionate rate of disease with their families during childhood

3. An important social and interpersonal influence may be involved

(pg. 80) What are the criteria for Bulimia Nervosa?

1. Recurrent episodes of binge eating - eating in a discrete period of time (2 hr time period) an amount of food that is definitely larger than most people would eat during a similar period of time and under similar circumstances

2. Recurrent inappropriate compensatory behavior to prevent weight gain such as self-induced vomiting; misuse of laxatives, diuretics, or other medications; fasting; or excessive exercise

(pg. 81) Anorexia Nervosa is characterized by an intense fear of \_______ and relentless pursuit of \________ is at the core of this disorder

obesity; thinness

(pg. 82) What are some medical consequences of Anorexia Nervosa?

1. Dry skin; brittle hair or nails; and sensitivity to or intolerance of cold temperatures

2. Downy hair on limbs and cheeks

3. Chronic low blood pressure and heart rate

(not in book) \_______ is the most dangerous eating epidemic in our society

Obesity

(pg. 82) What are the criteria for Binge-Eating Disorder (BED)?

1. Eating much more rapidly than normal

2. Eating until feeling uncomfortably full

3. Eating large amounts of food when not feeling physically hungry

4. Feeling disgusted with oneself, depressed, or very guilty afterward

(pg. 86) What is enuresis?

Repeated inability to control urination

(pg. 86) What are the two specifiers for enuresis?

Nocturnal only - most common

Diurnal only - otherwise referred to as "urinary incontinence," this occurs in the absence of nocturnal enuresis

(pg. 86) What is the specifier, "diurnal only" referred to otherwise?

Urinary incontinence

(pg. 87) What is encopresis?

Voluntary or involuntary passage of feces

(pg. 87) Additional Information for Encopresis - Child may feel \_______ and wish to avoid situations such as camp or school that might lead to \_____________

ashamed; embarrassment

(pg. 90) What is dyssomnias?

1. Involves difficulty getting to sleep, remaining asleep, or excessive sleepiness

2. Results in disturbance in the amount, quality, or timing of sleep

(pg. 91) What are the criteria for Hypersomnolence Disorder?

1. Recurrent periods of sleep or lapses into sleep within the same day

2. A prolonged main sleep episode of more than 9 hours per day that is non-restorative

3. Difficulty being fully awake after abrupt awakening

(pg. 92) What is narcolepsy and its criteria?

Definition - recurrent periods of irrepressible need to sleep

Criteria - episodes of sudden bilateral loss of muscle tone with maintained consciousness

(pg. 93) Criteria for obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea

1. Nocturnal breathing disturbances: snoring, snorting/gasping, or breathing pauses during sleep

2. Daytime sleepiness, fatigue, or unrefreshing sleep despite sufficient opportunities to sleep that is not better explained by another mental disorder and is not attributable to another medication condition

(pg. 94) What is Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorder?

Characterized by sleep disturbance that is a result of the brain's inability to synchronize its sleep patterns with the current patterns of day and night

(pg. 94) What is the definition of Parasomnias?

Disorder of arousal: characterized by the motor movements and behaviors that occur during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep including incomplete awakenings, sleepwalking, or sleep terrors

(pg. 102) Female Sexual Interest/Arousal Disorder has absent/reduced sexual excitement/pleasure during sexual activity in \______ \___ or all (appx. __%-100%) sexual encounters

almost all;75

(pg. 103) E\_______ Disorder is the most common sexual problem for which men seek help from specialists\-- approximately __% of cases

Erectile; 50

(pg. 103) What is delayed ejaculation?

Males who are able to achieve orgasm only with a great deal of effort or not at all

(not in book) What are 2 types of sexual dysfunction?

Erectile Disorder

Female Sexual Interest/Arousal Disorder

(pg. 104) What is Female Orgasmic Disorder and its common complaint?

Definition - marked delay in, marked infrequency of, or absence of orgasm

Common complaint - is the inability to reach orgasm but its necessary to determine that the individual has never or almost never reached orgasm

(pg. 104) A rare condition during which the ejaculator fluids travel backward into the bladder rather than forward is called?

Retrograde ejaculation

(pg. 110) What is the criteria for Gender Dysphoria in children?

1. A strong desire to be of the other gender or an insistence that one is of the other gender

2. A strong desire for the primary and/or secondary sex characteristics that match one's experienced gender

(pg. 111) What is the criteria for Gender Dysphoria in adolescents and adults?

1. A marked incongruence between one's experienced/expressed gender and assigned gender

2. A strong desire for the primary and/or secondary sex characteristics of the other gender and to also be treated as other gender

3. A strong desire to be of the other gender

(pg. 111) What is Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH)?

when the brain of females with XX chromosome is flooded with male hormones (androgens) which provides mostly masculine external genitalia. However, the internal organs remain female

(pg. 112) Behavior gender expression by an individual that does not match masculine or feminine gender norms. Such as boys behaving in feminine ways and girls behaving in masculine ways, this describes what?

Gender nonconformity

(pg. 112) What are some possible factors for gender-nonconforming boys?

1. Excessive attention and physical contact on the part of the mother

2. Lack of male playmates during the early years of socialization

(pg. 116) Individuals may also display activation in similar brain systems as individuals with substance-related disorders, thus DSM-5 re-categorized gambling disorder as an \_________ disorder

addictive

(pg. 117-118) What are the 3 Impulse-Control Disorders?

1. Intermittent Explosive Disorder

2. Kleptomania

3. Pyromania

(pg.117) What are the characteristics of Intermittent Explosive Disorder?

Recurrent aggressive episodes that are out of proportion of any given stressor

These aggressive impulses can result in serious assaults and/or destruction of property

(pg. 118) What are the characteristics of Kleptomania?

1. Impulse or urge to steal purely for the sake of gratification instead of a need

2. Individuals exhibit a recurrent failure to control their urges to steal things that are not needed for personal use nor do they have any monetary value for them

(pg. 118) Characterized by impulsive and repetitive urges to start fire is ... ?

Pyromania

(pg. 124) What is the definition of Delirium?

1. Decline from a previous baseline of functioning that develops over a short period of time, typically hours to days. or "impaired consciousness and cognition during the course of several hours or days".

2. Individuals tend to appear confused, disorientated, and out of touch with their surroundings

3. May be experienced by children with high fevers or who are taking specific medications and is often mistaken as noncompliance

(pg. 124) Delirium is estimated to be present in __% of older adults who are admitted into acute care facilities

20

(pg. 127) Neurocognitive Disorder due to Alzheimer's Disease is...

First described as a "strange disease of the cerebral cortex" that manifested as progressive memory impairment and other behavioral and cognitive problems, including suspiciousness

(pg. 128) What is the cause of Parkinson's disease?

A degenerative disease that is caused by damaged dopamine pathways which results in significant motor problems such as stoop posture, bradykinesia, tremors, and jerkiness while walking

(pg. 128) What is the statistic of Parkinson's disease worldwide?

Parkinson's disease affects 100-300 people in every 100,000 worldwide

(pg. 129) P\____ are proteins that can self-reproduce and cause damage to brain cells leading to neurocognitive decline

Prions

Disorder is called: Neurocognitive disorder due to prion disease and it's a rare and progressive neurodegenerative disorder

(pg. 129) Substance/medication-induced neurocognitive disorder occurs...

when brain cells are damaged by prolonged drug use in combination with poor diet

(not in book) Neurocognitive impairments do not happen exclusively during the course of \________ and persist beyond usual duration of \_____________ and \_______ withdrawal

delirium; intoxication; alcohol

(pg. 134) Characterized by lack of interest and detachment from social relationships, apathy, and restricted emotional expression is what Cluster A Personality Disorder?

Schizoid personality disorder

(pg. 134) Schizotypal personality disorder is characterized by...

pattern of extreme discomfort interacting socially and distorted cognition and perceptions. ALSO REMEMBER, pervasive patterns of social and interpersonal deficits marked by acute and reduced capacity for close relationships

(pg. 135-136) What are the 5 Cluster B Personality Disorders?

Antisocial ("psychopathy")

Conduct

Borderline

Histrionic

Narcissistic