EU Policies and Projects

Policy design — Tinbergen

An activity conducted by multiple actors hoping to improve policy outcomes through the accurate anticipation of government actions.

Policy design - Cahill & Overman/Bobrow

An activity aimed at improving outcomes through the application of policy-relevant and policy-specific knowledge to craft alternative courses of action addressing social, political and economic problems.

Policy design - Voss et al

Oriented towards avoiding inefficiencies and inadequacies, while acknowledging uncertainty and the contingent nature of policy outcomes.

Policy design - Howlett

Systematically develops efficient and effective policies through the application of knowledge about policy means gained from experience and reason.

Substantive component

A set of alternative arrangements potentially capable of resolving or addressing aspects of the policy problem. It answers what the policy aims to achieve.

Procedural component

A set of activities related to securing agreement among those charged with formulating, deciding upon and administering the alternatives. It answers how the policy is organized and managed. NU

UNFCCC

Ratified in 1992 by 197 countries, it aims to stabilize greenhouse gas concentrations at safe levels.

Kyoto Protocol

1997, sets legally binding emission reduction targets for 36 industrialized countries. arisP

Paris Agreement

2015, aims to keep global temperature rise well below 2 degrees. It requires all parties to submit Nationally Determined Contributions

Agenda 2030 / SDGs

2015, 17 goals of different nature.