Depressive and Bipolar Disorders

the different mood disorders

• major depressive disorder (MDD)

• persistent depressive disorder (P-DD)

• disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD)

major depressive disorder (MDD)

a condition by multiple mood, cognitive, psychomotor, or somatic symptoms present during the same 2-week period

persistent depressive disorder (P-DD)

a condition associated with depressed or irritable mood and significant impairment in functioning

disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD)

a condition characterized by frequent and severe temper outbursts and chronic, persistently irritability that is present between the outbursts

mood disorder

a condition in which the subject suffers from extreme, persistent, or poorly regulated emotional stress

dysphoria

a negative mood state characterized by prolonged bouts of sadness

anhedonia

a negative mood state characterized by a lack of enjoyment and loss of interest in most activities

irritability

a common symptom of MDD and DMDD characterized by angry mood and temper outbursts

mania

abnormally elevated or expansive mood

euphoria

exaggerated sense of well-being

double depression

instance in which a major depressive episode is superimposed on the individual’s previous persistent depressive disorder

depressive ruminative style

narrow and passive focus on negative events for long periods of time

co-rumination

system for representing the major categories of child psychopathology and the boundaries and relations among them

depressogenic cognition

a negative perceptual and attributional style and belief associated with depressive symptoms

hopelessness theory

view that depression-prone individuals make internal, stable attributions to explain negative events and external, unstable attributions about positive events

the negative cognitive trials

a pessimistic view about oneself, the world, and the future that are characteristic of youngsters with depression

• devalue world, devalue self, and devalue future

negative cognitive schemata

a set of stable structures in memory that guide information processing consistent with the subject’s negative self-image

diathesis-stress model of depression

theory that the impact of stress is moderated by individual risk factors, such as genetic risk

emotion regulation

set of processes by which emotional arousal is redirected, controlled, or modified to facilitate adaptive functioning

bipolar disorder (BP)

condition characterized by an ongoing combination of extreme highs and extreme lows