Chapter 3: British in America and the Atlantic World (1660-1763)

Lancaster Conference (June 1744)

An agreement between the Iroquois Confederacy and the British colonies of Pennsylvania, Virginia, and Maryland

What did the colonists want from the Lancaster Conference?

The colonists wanted a land agreement, receiving land from the natives

What was the result of the Lancaster Conference?

1. Iroquois Confederacy became neutral between the French and British

2. Land given to the colonists in exchange for merchandise

3. Heightened British reliance on native alliances

4. South Atlantic system developed through transport of native goods

King Charles II (1660-1685)

King of England during the Navigation Acts, married to Princess Catherine of Braganza (1662), gave New Netherland to the Duke of York (1664), and gave Pennsylvania to William Penn (1681)

The Carolinas

Made up of Chesapeake Bay and Virginia, ruled by the crown

Who lived in North Carolina?

Poor families, runaway servants, and English Quakers. Rebelled against taxes on tobacco (1677) and taxes to Anglican Church (1708)

Who lived in South Carolina?

White settlers from Barbados, and people who made up a slave society

William Penn

Founded Pennsylvania in 1681 for the Quakers

Penn's Frame of Government (1681)

A charter, signed by Penn, declaring religious freedom and political equality by property-owning men being able to vote

The Navigational Acts

A set of acts made by the English Parliament to regulate trade across the British Empires and colonies

The Act of 1651

The act stating no more Dutch trade with colonial ports

The Act of 1660

The act stating there was no more foreign shipping with vessels that were not English

The Act of 1663

Also known as the Staple Act, the act stating that all European goods destined for the American colonies to first be shipped to England

Plantation Duty Act (1673)

The act stating that there is duty charged on American plantain exports of sugar and tobacco

Glorious Revolution (1688-1689)

The overthrow of King James II, with William and Mary replacing him

Board of Trade (1696)

An advisory council created by King William III of England that was charged with overseeing colonial matters. The act testified to the colonies growing significance to England's economy

Second Hundred Year War (1689-1815)

Started with a war between the British and French due to a claim on the French throne by King Edward III of England. Britain won

Tribalization

The adaptation of stateless peoples to the demands imposed on them by neighboring states

Textile Acts

Made up of the Wooden Act (1699), the Hat Act (1732), and the Iron Act (1750)

Molasses Act (1733)

The act that put a tariff on French molasses and sugar implemented by the British

Currency Act (1751)

The act that barred New England colonists from making forming newland banks and printing paper money

The Covenant Chain

The alliance of the Iroquois, first with the colony of New York, then with the British Empire and its other colonies. The Covenant Chain became a model for relations between the British Empire and other Native American peoples.

Middle Passage

The part of the transatlantic slave trade route that transported slaves from Africa to the Americas

Saltuary Neglect

An English policy of relaxing the enforcement of regulations in its colonies in return for the colonies' continued economic loyalty

John Locke

English philosopher who argued that people have natural rights, and author of The Treaty of Government (1689)

Jacob Leisler (1689-1691)

German-born merchant who led Leisler's rebellion

Leisler's Rebellion (1689-1691)

Armed conflict between aspiring merchants led by Jacob Leisler and the ruling elite of New York due to instability after the Glorious Revolution. One of many uprisings that erupted across the colonies when wealthy colonists attempted to recreate European social structures in the New World.

English Whigs (1720)

A political group in Britain who opposed absolute monarchy, and supported Parliament having more power than the king

Patronage

The practice of granting political support or privileges in exchange for loyalty and services

War on Jenkin's Ear (1739-1741)

Part of the struggle between Spain and England that led to the War of the Austrian Succession. Robert Jenkins, master of the ship Rebecca, had his ear cut off by Spanish coast guards

Landbanks

Colonial banks that issued paper money or bills of credit to borrowers who used land as collateral, along with silver and gold