Topic 1.7

Define Unitary:

All power is in the central government (one)

Define Confederation:

Power is distributed among the states

Define Federalism:

The division of power is between a national central government and the state governments

What is the 10th Amendment?

The powers not delegated to the national government/prohibited to the states are reserved to the states

Define Delegated Powers:

Given to the national government in the constitution

Define Reserved Powers:

Not given to the national government, but not denied to the states (for state governments)

Define Exclusive Powers:

Only exercised by the national government

Define Concurrent Powers:

Shared/Exercised by both national and state governments (both can collect taxes)

What way is Dual Federalism represented?

By the layer-cake metaphor (Used from 1789- beginning of the country- till 1933 - great depression)

The national and state governments have their own….?

Powers (not mixed/shared - don’t overlap)

The national government has a limited set of…?

Constitutional purposes (Only written Powers from the constitution. Everything else is reserved to the states)

The 10th Amendment is the constitutional basis for….?

Dual Federalism

What is cooperative federalism represented by?

The marble-cake metaphor

Define Cooperative Federalism:

The national and state governments share powers (The New Deal helped create this)

What is the constitutional basis in?

The supremacy clause & the necessary and proper clause

Define Supremacy Clause:

National government is supreme of the state government

Define Necessary & Proper Clause:

Government will get implied clauses that aren’t written

Define Grants:

In-Aid-Money given by the federal government to state governments

Define Categorical Grants:

Money for a specific purpose with strings attached (national government will give money to the state as long as they do something in return)

Ex: School lunches (national government agrees to give money for food as long as the states use their preferred learning curriculums)

National government gains…?

Influence

State government gains…..?

Money

These are examples of….?

Cooperative Federalism

Define Block Grants:

Money given to the states for a broader purpose

Ex: (Healthcare, social services, welfare) - Given without strings attached/associated with dual federalism)