HSC 202 - Urinary system

albumin/o

albumin

azot/o

urea, nitrogen

bacteri/o

bacteria

blasto/o

germ, bud

glomerul/o

little ball

gluc/o

sweet, sugar

glyc/o, glycos/o

sweet, sugar

hydr/o

water

ket/o, keton/o

ketone

meat/o

opening, passage

nephr/o

kidney

noct/o

night

olig/o

few in number

protein/o

protein

py/o

pus

pyel/o

renal pelvis

ren/o

kidney

spadias/o

rip, tear

ur/o, urnin/o

ureter

ureter/o

urethra

urethr/o

urine

-uresis

urination

-uria

pertaining to urine

nephrologist

physician specializing in nephrology

nephrology

field that specializes in the treatment of kidney disease

nephrology

medical field that studies and treats disorders associated with the kidneys

urologist

physician specializing in urology

urologist

a physician that specializes in urology

urology

medical discipline for the surgical treatment of urinary disease

urology

medical field specializing in disorders of the urinary system

albuminuria

abnormal presence of the albumin protein in the urine

anuria

inability to pass urine, production of less than 100ml of urine per day

azotemia

abnormally high levels of urea in the blood

bacteriuria

abnormal presence of bacteria in the urine

diuresis

excessive discharge of urine

dysuria

difficulty or pain experienced during urination

glycosuria

abnormal presence of glucose in the urine

hematuria

abnormal presence of blood in the urine

ketonuria

abnormal presence of ketone bodies in the urine

nocturia

the need to urinate frequently at night

oliguria

reduced urination, volume of urine declines to less than 500ml

polyuria

abnormal production of large volumes of urine

proteinuria

presence of any protein in the urine

pyuria

presence of pus in the urine

acute kidney injury

rapid-onset disease of the kidneys resulting in a failure to produce urine

cystitis

inflammation of the urinary bladder

cystocele

herniation of the urinary bladder

cystolith

a stone, or calculus, in the urinary bladder

diabetic nephropathy

nephropathy resulting from unmanaged diabetes

drug-induced nephropathy

nephropathy resulting from over the counter drugs, lab procedures, or prescription medicines

end-stage kidney disease/renal failure

failure of both kidneys to form urine

enuresis

involuntary release of urine

epispadias

abnormal positioning of the urinary meatus to shift dorsally

glomerulonephritis

inflammation of the glomeruli

glomerulonephropathy

any disease of the glomeruli

hydronephrosis

the exit of urine out of the kidneys becomes blocked by an obstruction in the ureter

hypertensive nephropathy

nephropathy resulting from unmanaged chronic hypertension

hypospadias

abnormal positioning of the urinary meatus to shift ventrally

nephritis

inflammation of the kidney

nephroblastoma/Wilms’ tumor

tumor originating from kidney tissue that includes developing embryonic cells

nephrolithiasis/renal calculi

presence of one or more stones within a kidney

nephroma

general term for a tumor arising from kidney tissue

nephromegaly

abnormal enlargement of one or both kidneys

nephropathy

severe condition of a kidney that leads to end-stage kidney disease

nephroptosis/floating kidney

condition of downward displacement of a kidney

nocturnal enuresis

bedwetting

polycystic kidney disease

presence of numerous cysts occupying much of the kidney tissue

pyelitis

inflammation of the renal pelvis

pyelonephritis

serious inflammation of one or both kidneys

stress incontinence

involuntary discharge of urine during a strained movement

uremia

excess of urea are present in the blood

ureteral stricture/ureterstenosis

ureter is narrowed

ureteritis

inflammation of a ureter

ureterocele

herniated ureter

ureterolithiasis

presence of one or more stones within a ureter

ureterovesical stricture

junction of the ureter and bladder is narrowed

urethral stricture/urethrostenosis

urethra is narrowed

urethrocystitis

infection of the urinary bladder and the urethra

urinary incontinence

inability to control urination

urinary retention

abnormal accumulation of urine within the urinary bladder

urinary tract infection (UTI)

infection of urinary organs

blood urea nitrogen (BUN)

test that measures urea concentration in a sample of blood as an indicator of kidney function

cystectomy

surgical removal of the urinary bladder

cystography

x-ray procedure producing an image of the urinary bladder

cystolithotomy

an incision made through the urinary bladder wall to remove a stone

cystoplasty

surgical repair of the urinary bladder

cystorrhaphy

suturing of the urinary bladder wall

cystoscopy

use of a modified endoscope to view the interior of the urinary bladder

cystostomy

surgical creation of an artificial opening into the urinary bladder

cystotomy/vesicotomy

an incision through the urinary bladder wall

cystoureterography

x-ray procedure producing an image of the urinary bladder and ureters

cystourethrography

x-ray procedure producing an image of the urinary bladder and the urethra

extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL)

ultrasonic energy is directed onto stones that are too large to pass to pulverize them into smaller particles

fulguration

procedure that destroys living tissue with an electric current

hemodialysis

procedure that pushes a patient’s blood through permeable membranes to remove nitrogenous wastes that accumulate

lithotripsy

application of concentrated sound waves to dissolve stones into smaller pieces

nephrectomy

surgical removal of a kidney

nephrography

x-ray technique producing an image of a kidney

nephrologist

physician specializing in nephrology

nephrolysis

surgical procedure where abnormal adhesions are removed from a kidney