APHG Barron's Chapter 1

Absolute Distance

Absolute Distance

distance that can measured with a standard unit of length, such as a mile or kilometer

Absolute Location

the exact position of an object or place, measured within a spatial coordinates of a grid system

Aggregation

come together into a mass, sum, or whole

Azimuthal Projection

map projection in which the plane in the most developable surface

Breaking Point

the outer edge of a city's influence, used in the law of retail gravitation to describe the area of a city's hinterlands that depend on that depend on that city for its retail supplies

Choropleth Map

thematic map that uses tones or colors to represent spatial data as average values per unit areas

Anthropogenic

Human-induced changes on the natural environment

Complementary

The actual or potential relationship between two places, usually referring to economic interactions

Fuller Projection

A type of map projection that maintains the accurate size and shape of landmasses but completely rearranges direction such that the four cardinal no longer have any meaning

Dot Maps

thematic maps that use points to use to show the precise locations of specific observations or occurrences, such as crimes, or births

Idiographic

Pertaining to the unique facts or characteristics of a particular place

Isoline

A map line that connects points of equal or very similar values

Geoid

The actual shape of Earth

Distance Decay Effect

decrease in interaction between two phenomena, places, or people as the distance between them increases

Nomothetic

Concepts or rules that can be applied universally

Peters Projections

An equal-area projection

Ptolemy

Roman geographer-astronomer, author of Guide to Geography, which included maps containing a grid system of latitude and longitude

Robinson Projection

A project that attempts to balance several possible projection errors. It does not maintain shape, distance, or direction completely accurately, but it minimizes errors in each.

Spatial Diffusion

Ways in which phenomena, such as technological innovations, cultural trends, or even outbreaks of disease, travel over space

Spatial Perspective

An intellectual framework that looks at the particular locations of a specific phenomenon , how and why that phenomenon is where it is, and how it is spatially related to phenomena in other places

Transferability

Use sophisticated software to create dynamic computer maps, some of which are three dimensional

Robinson Projection

projection that attempts to balance several possible projection errors. It doesn't maintain shape, distance, or direction completely accurately, but minimizes errors