American National Policts Test review

·        Government

 government describes the means by which a society organizes itself and allocates authority in order to accomplish collective goals and provide benefits that the society as a whole needs.

·        Allocation of authority

Democracy

 Citizens select individuals to represent their political ideas and express their views. policies–is controlled by the people.

Capitalism

Politics

 the process of gaining and exercising control within a government for the purpose of setting and achieving goals.

·        Public and private goods (examples?)

National defense, protection of property, provision of public good and services

·        Republican government

“a state in which supreme power is held by the people and their elected representatives, and which has an elected or nominated president rather than a monarch

·        Elitism

of government holds that a small group of elites controls power while other citizens have little or no influence

·        Pluralism

government holds that competing interest groups influence the government and hold political power.

·        Tradeoffs

a choice where giving up one benefit or goal allows the government to get a different benefit or goal instead

·        Factors of engagement (Which types of people are most/least likely to engage in politics?)

 Americans under the age of 30 are less likely to engage in partisan politics., wealthier and more educated citizens are more likely to vote

· John Locke (What were John Locke’s views concerning the proper role of government?)

possess natural rights granted by God, including the right to life, liberty, and property

·        Natural rights

are inherent, universal, and inalienable freedoms that belong to all human beings simply by virtue of being human, rather than being granted by laws, cultures, or governments

·        Declaration of Independence (Who was its primary author?)

Thomas Jefferson

·        U.S. Constitution (Who was its primary author?)

James Madison

·        New Jersey Plan

•provided for a unicameral national legislature with an equal number of representatives from each state.

·        Virginia Plan

provided for representation in a bicameral national legislature with the number of representatives from each state based on population

·        Connecticut Compromise

a 1787 agreement during the Constitutional Convention that created the United States' bicameral (two-chamber) legislature, combining proportional representation in the House with equal representation in the Senate

·        3/5ths Compromise

·        Separation of Powers

·        Federalists / Anti-Federalists

·        Electoral College

Federalism

·        Unitary system

·        Confederation

·        Supremacy clause

·        Tenth Amendment (What does it say about federalism?)

·        McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)

·        Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)

·        Enumerated powers

·        Implied powers

·        Elastic Clause (Article 1; Section 8)

·        Full faith and credit

·        Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)

·        Brown v. Topeka, Board of Education (1954)

·        Privileges and immunities

·        Dual federalism (“layer cake” federalism)

·        Cooperative federalism(“marble cake federalism)

·        Land grants

·        Categorical grants

·        Project grants

·        Block grants

·        Unfunded mandates

·        Civil liberties and civil rights

·        Bill of Rights

o   Be able to name which constitutional protections are addressed in Amendments: 1, 2, and 4-8

·        What are the five freedoms listed in the First Amendment?

·        Incorporation and the 14^th Amendment

·        Due Process clause

·        Establishment clause

·        Free exercise clause

·        Obscenity (How and by whom is it defined?)

·        Symbolic speech

·        Unprotected speech (examples?)

·        Unreasonable search & seizure

·        Probable cause

·        Exclusionary rule

·        Double jeopardy

·        Self-incrimination

·        Cruel & unusual punishment

·        Right to privacy (implied)

·        Mapp v. Ohio

·        Miranda v. Arizona

·        Gideon v. Wainwright

·        Griswold v. Connecticut

·        Roe v. Wade

·        Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization