Unit 2: The Age of Reformation

Flashcards about the Wars of Religion, Reformation, Catholic Reformation, and Reformation Society.

What significantly contributed to the rapid spread of interest in reforming the Catholic Church after Martin Luther's challenge?

The ability to disseminate ideas with a printing press.

What book did John Calvin write that proposed an entirely new system of systematic theology?

Institutes of the Christian Religion.

Which groups were among the followers of John Calvin's approach to systematic theology?

Huguenots in France, separatists in England, Presbyterians in Scotland, and most inhabitants of the Netherlands.

What was a major contributing factor to the French Wars of Religion?

A dynastic power struggle among several noble families.

During which event did Catholic mobs kill thousands of Protestants?

The St. Bartholomew's Day massacre.

How did Henry IV of France, a former Huguenot, contribute to religious pluralism?

He converted to Catholicism and issued the Edict of Nantes.

What inspired the Reformation?

A desire to rectify the problems in the late medieval Catholic Church, and the desire to reinterpret Christian doctrines.

What practices of the Catholic Church were criticized for accumulating wealth?

Simony and indulgences.

What document did Martin Luther use to challenge the Catholic Church?

The 95 Theses.

What idea did Martin Luther develop to argue that people only needed the Bible?

Sola scriptura, meaning 'only scripture'.

Why was Baroque art encouraged by the Catholic Church?

To oppose the austerity of Protestant art and architecture and to inspire an emotional response in the viewer of awe and religious devotion.

What type of subjects did Baroque artists mostly paint?

Religious subjects.

Which artwork dramatizes St. Teresa’s account of a highly emotional visit from an angel?

The Ecstasy of Saint Teresa.

The ideas of the Protestant Reformation prompted the Catholic Church to begin an internal process of reform that culminated in what event?

The Council of Trent.

What was the goal of the Catholic Reformation?

To curb the worst excesses of the medieval church, while reaffirming fundamental theological principles.

What did the Church begin to require, influenced by the humanist movement?

A higher level of literacy among priests.

What was the Catholic Church's stance on salvation, as opposed to Luther's idea of salvation by faith alone?

Salvation is achieved through a combination of faith and good works.

Why was the Jesuit order developed?

To support the Catholic Church in spiritual warfare against the Protestant reformers.

Whom did Martin Luther marry, in opposition to the Catholic idea of a celibate clergy?

Katherine Von Bora.

What was the model for a Protestant family?

The men and women engaged in separate, but complementary tasks, in order to serve God.

Which radical reformers argued that women should be ordained and occupy positions of religious authorities?

The Quakers.

How did the Reformation change the scope of authority for many civic governments?

The task of regulating public morals shifted from Church to state.

How were offenses like prostitution, begging, and public drunkenness punished?

Rituals of public humiliation, including the use of stocks, public whipping, or branding.

Guided by new ideas of the Protestant Reformation, what did nations throughout Europe begin to do?

Nations throughout Europe began to reevaluate their civic governments and challenge the power of monarchs.

What did the Reformation challenge, which reduced the authority of the Catholic church throughout Europe?

The Catholic Church’s practices and interpretation of religious doctrine.

What important event occurred in 1517?

Martin Luther posts The 95 Theses on the door of Wittenberg Cathedral.

What important event occurred in 1521?

Pope Leo X excommunicates Martin Luther when he refuses to recant.

What important event occurred in 1534?

Ignatius of Loyola founds the Society of Jesus.

What important event occurred in 1566?

The Council of Trent issues a Catechism that repudiates the theology of Protestantism while reforming some of its more controversial practices.

What important event occurred in 1598?

The Edict of Nantes allows French Protestants to have legal, social, and economic protection.