AP World History Unit 0 Test Review

paleolithic

(Old Stone Age) a long period of human development before the development of agriculturekinsh

Most people of the world's first civilizations shared a common belief in multiple gods which is called

Polytheism.

The first human civilization developed in -- around 3500 BCE.

Mesopotamia

intervening obstacle

An environmental or cultural feature of the landscape that hinders migration.

fossil, lingustic and gentic eveidence support which of the following about early human migration

homo erectus and homo sapiens migrated out of africa

pastoral

societies were characterized by the domestication of animals but they usually did not settle down and farm or build towns - nomadic, facilitated trade and spread technology, religions, and ideas

What is the term for the unique way of life of a group of people?

Culture

These civilizations, all of them --, generated a number of key innovations that have not had to be reinvented. Civilizations did not, however, spread --

agricultural, uniformly

cultural diffusion

The spread of ideas, customs, and technologies from one people to another

the first reigon of the world which there is evidence of permanant agracultrual villages

the eastern mediterainian

To many historians, -- implies increased human organization and more defined cultural expressions. Most importantly, writing, formal architecture, urban planning, formal laws, trade, and the use of currency

civilization

was a major long term effect of the roman empires construction of a extensive network of roads

integration of conquered people and suppresssion of resistance to roman rule

demography

Study of human populations

conduit

a means by which something is transmitted

________ is the study of human life and culture (of society's past or present).

Anthropology

surplus

More of something than as needed.

The early civilization period of world history runs roughly from 3500-1500 BCE (--) and from 1100-500 BCE (early --)

Bronze Age, Iron Age

constitutes a significnat conntinuty in afro eurasian history form 600bce to 600 ce

the subordinate social position of women in sedentary agrarian cultures

marker events

Events that change the course of history

Historians have identified the basic characteristics of ____________ as advanced cities and technologies, complex institutions such as government and militaries, and a system of record keeping such as a written language.

Civilization

What term refers to the time before the invention of writing?

Prehistory/prehistoric

metallurgy

the science of working with metals

Civilization first emerged in the -- about 5000 years after the advent of agriculture. Before that time, agriculture had permitted the development of some isolated cities, usually with populations of about 10,000 people

Middle East

migrations

movements of a people from one region to another

primary method in qin and mauryan china to maintain control of their empires

implemintation of a centralized beauracracy

The Myth of Continents

a book explaining why us letting continents define our understanding of the world is inadequate and shouldn't be used

During the ___________ Period in prehistory, people used simple stone tools and did NOT farm.

Paleolithic

agrarian

relating to land; relating to the management or farming of land

most important factor in the spread of the bubonic plague in eurasia

mongol expansion from central asia to china, eastern europe and the middle east.

It is important to realize that agriculture did not quickly nor inevitably lead to civilization. Some agricultural societies reached the modern period without forming what we call a --

civilization

The emergence of civilization in the Middle East was preceded by other technological developments in addition to the -- of agriculture (like the plow and wheel)

maturing

the early spread of islam outside the arabian penninsula was caused by

the consolidation of western european monarchies

periodization

Historian's attempt to break down history into managable segments

Paleolithic people were ______ because they follow animal migrations and vegetation cycles which caused them to move from place to place parentheses (hunter-gatherer way of life - no permanent settlement).

nomads

elite

People of wealth and power; upper class -- did not emerge until settled societies developed

egalitarian

believing in the social and economic equality of all people - existing before setting societies in hunter-gatherer groups

The ____________ __________ of the neolithic period involved the shift from hunting and gathering to domesticated agriculture/farming (which caused a SETTLED way of life and allowed for the birth of civilization).

Agricultural revolution

perspective

A particular point of view

major cause of growth in afro eurasian from 800ce to 1350 ce

the rise of interrogational commerce

Between 4500-4000 BCE, people in the -- valley were beginning to use -- for tools, weapons, and adornment

Tigris-Euphrates, bronze

The use of bronze improved -- and production capacities, but it also required long-distance -- and --..

military, trade travel

600ce to 1450, states in japan, korea and vietnam had what in common

all were cultrually influenced by china

push and pull factors

The push factor involves a force which acts to drive people away from a place and the pull factor is what draws them to a new location.

Development of __________ in early ancient cities such as Ur in Mesopotamia became necessary to maintain order among increasing populations.

Government

patriarchy

a form of social organization in which the father is the supreme authority in the family, clan, or tribe and descent is reckoned in the male line, with the children belonging to the father's clan or tribe.

The land between the Tigris and Euphrates river's where civilization first began is known as

Mesopotamia.

angkor wat in southeast asia built in circa 1100ce reflects what about world historical process

increased cross cultural interactions in the indian ocean reigon

Neolithic Revolution

(10,000 - 8,000 BCE) The development of agriculture and the domestication of animals as a food source. This led to the development of permanent settlements and the start of civilization.

Bronze- the amalgam of copper and tin, forced early peoples to travel great distances because -- deposits were very remote. So to create bronze, early peoples were forced to travel and trade over long-distances

tin

A procession of civilizations developed first in Mesopotamia, and some of those expanded into empires in the Middle East. Civilization then emerged in -- along the Nile around 3500-3000 BCE. A third civilization, discovered recently, developed along the coast of Peru, -- between 3000-1800 BCE

Egypt, Norte Chico

some historians argue that islamic beliefs and practices in seventh centruy reflected the influence of....

christianity, judaism and zoroastrianism

On the fringes of the first civilizations were ________ ______ who were migratory groups that herded animals.

Pastoral nomads

specialization

The concentration of the productive efforts of individuals and firms on a limited number of activities; increases efficiency

A blank is a type of government in which leaders rule by divine authority and/or laws are based on religion (i.e. a government blended with religion).

Theocracy

The -- (or Harappan) civilization originated around 2600 BCE in the northwestern region of the Indian subcontinent along the Indus River. A fifth center of civilization developed in -- along the Yellow River around 2200 BCE

Indus Valley, northern China

song dynasty was pivotal in the devlopment of china as an economic world power based on....

chinas population doubled and chinese urban centers expeirenced massive growth during the song period

social hierarchy

The division of society by rank or class.

A sixth center of civilization emerged in Central America, the --. All of these civilizations except the Olmec clustered along river valleys or coastal areas which was no accident. -- and -- provided the most abundant opportunities for agriculture and an agricultural surplus

Olmec, river valleys, coastal areas

true or false: rulers often used religious ideas and institutions to justify their rule.

lmao true i mean look at the "mandate of heaven" from chinese times

The development of irrigation and drainage ditches to control flooding in Mesopotamia is a good example of _____ ___________ ___________ (the most important of the "Five Themes of Geography").

Human environmental interaction

Mesopotamia

(land between the rivers) The region between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers; birthplace of the Sumerian and Babylonian Civilizations. Participated in state expansion and empire building

Ancient Egypt

An ancient civilization centered around the Nile River; unified by Menes around 3000 B.C.; divided into the old, middle, and new kingdoms; main gods included Osiris, Isis, Re, and Horus; believed in Divine Kingship; participated in state expansion and empire building

_________ farmers were more fortunate than those of Mesopotamia because the Nile flooded regularly, but the flooding of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers was unpredictable.

Egyptian

what was a major motivation for european maritime expansion in the 15th century

the desire to trade directly with africans and asians

To take the maximum advantage of river systems, early civilizations had to develop -- systems. This led to a high degree of coordination and probably some property definition which probably encouraged early -- to formalize their rules and regulations. Rivers/coasts also increase -- opportunities

irrigation, governments, trade

We must remember that for several thousand years, civilization didn't spread to most parts of the -- world. We must also be careful when drawing the line between civilization and barbarian. It tends to be the "--" people who look down on others (which created --)

inhabited, civilized, elitism

whats a significant difference between the ottoman and mughal empire in the 17th century

the ottomans ruled over predominatley muslims while mughals did not

What river allowed for ancient Egyptian civilization to develop?

Nile river

disseminate

To scatter or spread widely

Which river is allowed for ancient Mesopotamian civilization to develop?

Tigers and Euphrates rivers

basically devlopemnt along water such as the mississippi river or the city of venice creates...

intensification of regional tade

Civilizations, by writing rules and laws, formalized the -- between men and women and the wealthy and poor. Civilizations developed a more extensive social structure for men and women... both between the upper classes (politics, military leadership, and religion), and the lower classes (rural production, military conscription, and sometimes slavery)

inequality

monumental architecture

Large structures, such as pyramid, temples, public spaces, and large statues, that tend to appear wherever powerful leaders emerge; a feature of all agrarian civilizations.

Which rivers allowed for ancient Chinese civilization to develop?

Yellow and Yang Te Ze rivers

urban planning

The area of land use planning which explores several aspects of built and social environments of municipals and communities.

what, in the coloumbian exchange, had the biggest impact on human migration patterens before 1800

sugarcane

Most civilizations extended the capacity of -- well beyond the hunter/gatherer and agricultural societies. Pressures from the outside increased the importance of --

warfare, military activity

Some scholars emphasized the need to organize large-scale irrigation projects as a stimulus for the earliest civilizations, but archeologists have found the most complex -- projects developed long after civilizations had already been established

water control

What river allowed for ancient Indian civilization to develop?

Indus River

Code of Hammurabi

credited as the first written law code; written by a Babylonian king and established the basis for law codes

what facillitated the creation of european empires in africa during the late 19th century

europeans use of warfare and diplomacy

Other theorize that powerful -- developed to protect the privileges of favored groups. A recent theory proposed that a growing density of --, producing more congested and competitive societies, created the incentives for -- because opportunities for territorial expansion were not readily available

states, population, innovations

what is one factor that did not contibute to the rise of industrialization in western europe and north america

increased rights for laborers

On what natural/geographic feature was ancient China located?

North China Plain

Zoroastrianism

One of the first monotheistic religions, particularly one with a wide following. It was central to the political and religious culture of ancient Persia.

What natural/geographic barrier lies between India and China?

Himalayan Mountains

lin zexu asked what of great britan

he asked them to ban the sale of opium by british merchants in china

Since rich agricultural land was limited by -- areas with dense populations generated intense competition among rival groups, which led to repeated --. A strong and highly organized state was a definite advantage in such a competition. Losers often couldn't flee to new lands so they were -- into the winner's society as a lower class

geography, warfare, absorbed

Judaism

A religion with a belief in one god. It originated with Abraham and the Hebrew people. Yahweh was responsible for the world and everything within it. They preserved their early history in the Old Testament.

If you only knew ONE THING ABOUT CHINA, it should be that China is geographically ________ (and this has heavily shaped it's culture and history!).

Isolated

Vedic religion

The ancient religion of the Aryan peoples who entered northwestern India from Persia c. 2000-1200 B.C.E. It was the precursor of Hinduism, and its beliefs and practices are contained in the Vedas

the publication of charles darwins "on the origin of the species" had what unexpected effect

it bevame the basis of various therories asserting that europeans are natrually better than other races and people

Successful leaders of the winning side emerged as an -- with an enlarged base of land, a class of subordinated workers, and a powerful state at their disposal- in short, a civilization

elite

diaspora

any group migration or flight from a country or region; dispersion. Particularly used in relation to Jews scattered by Romans in 70 CE or to Africans spread to new places during the Atlantic Slave Trade.

--, often of people, usually accompanied the growth of civilization, and the new rulers normally served as high priests or were seen as divine beings, their right to rule legitimated by association with the sacred

ritual sacrifice

One significant reason that China was isolated from influenced by other civilizations was because it had ___________ barriers such as the Gobi and Takala Makan deserts (and the Himalayan and Hindu Kush Mountains).

Geographic

Although many people consider _____________ a religion, it is actually a philosophical and ethical system based on the teachings of the Chinese teacher, Confucius.

Confucianism

By 3500 BCE, southern Mesopotamia had the ingredients to create the first -- civilization. The -- and -- rivers spread into the large delta as they reached the Persian Gulf, creating flat, waterlogged land that produced date palms and poplar trees and marshes filled with fish and birds

agrarian, Tigris, Euphrates

Hinduism

A religion and philosophy developed in ancient India, characterized by a belief in reincarnation, karma, the caste system, and a supreme being who takes many forms

With irrigation, the rich soil of the -- produced abundant harvests of wheat, barley, and flax. Beyond the delta and irrigated lands lay --, which could sustain sheep and goats. Beyond the subdesert was full desert and mountains

delta, subdesert