All the secondary for TS <3

How can melford church be used?

As a localised case study for the ref and its consequences

Roger Martin dates

1527-1615

How long had martins family been in the area?

Since late 14th c

Who was RM to the chantry builder

Great grandson

What did RM train as at Lincoln’s Inn in 1546

Lawyer

How old was RM when church went through Ed ref destruction?

Mid-20s

What does Duffy argue outrage at church property was about as much as it was about traditional piety?

Property rights

When did RM write his work?

At the end of his life (so from memory)

How many times did RM experience the destruction of the church?

Twice (once after he had restored it!)

E.g. of a Catholic priest rumoured to have been housed by or regularly met with by RM?

Henry Foster

What did RM and his fam retain despite 35 years of persecution?

Their faith and genteel status

Who were the main participants at the Kingston upon Thames Feast of Corpus Christi in 1555?

Spaniards

what account do we have of the Corpus Christi 1555 procession?

Fray Bartolome Carranza

Who had observed a Corpus Christi feast in 1554

Archbishop Cranmer

What happened at Corpus Christi feast in 1554? (combined with rebellion against Spanish marriage)

Opposition so strong a priest was stabbed

Who carried the Sacrament at the Corpus Christi day 1556 according to Carranza?

Edmund Bonner, Bishop of London

What did the end of Corpus Christi day represent the end of according to Duffy and Ronald Hutton?

Traditional religion; merry England

What has Lucy Wooding found that English Catholic tradition put the most emphasis on (compared to the Spanish that loved their CC processions)?

The eucharist

What evidence does Duffy point to to show love of Catholic church

People giving money to churches; refleced by churches having more than enough to pass visitations in medieval period

What is the traditional narrative of re-Catholicisation of England?

A failure, almost immediately reversed after Mary’s death

What does Jennifer Loach argue about the undoing of Marian Catholicism?

that the reinstatement of Protestantism on Mary's death was the result of events at court and in the House of Lords, and is not evidence for any widespread public demand for change

Which areas rejected Edwardian Protestantism and remained Catholic until 1553?

much of the north and the south-west of England, parts of Sussex and the Thames Valley

Where was Mary’s accession met by the spontaneous restoration of the Latin mass?

The parish of Chester-le-street

What was a priority for Mary and the public?

Return of ceremonies and beauties of the old faith

Where was Mary and Phils marriage solemnised?

Winchester

Why does Loach suggest it is an unfair judgement to criticise Mary and her bishops for focusing on the ceremonial?

all recent work on pre-Reformation Catholicism has stressed the importance of such things to the ordinary parishioner

What wasn’t there a lot of official effort made to restore?

Pilgrimages; monasteries; fraternities

Some shrines were restored though, e.g.

Edward the Confessor at Westminster in 1557

What was Mary the only Tudor afte Henry VII not to do? (showing she really cared about intellectual quality of her clergy)

to exploit the church for the benefit of the royal coffers

Why does Loach reject the whiggish claom that Marian Catholicism was reactionary and sterile?

Mary and those around her very well educated, Mary didn’t use the church for monetary gain, and even forgave some diocese debts to crown, she organised frequent bishop visitations

What did Mary restore relating to money in the church?

the traditional dues, the 'first fruits' and 'tenths' to the church, and properties to the sees of York, Bath and Wells, and Gloucester

Who was Reginald Pole?

Mary’s cousin!

Who had Pole been influenced by as an exile?

Italians

What were a great tool of the Counter-ref church?

Seminaries (divinity schools)

Who made good use of printing press?

Bonner (e.g. with his 1555 catechism for children, homilies)

When do revisionist historians claim England was whole heartedly Catholic from?

1480-1530

What do revisionists warn against?

The idea that the ref was inevitable or necessary

How many parishes in Tudor England?

9,000

Proportion of English parishes who had major refurbishments in 15th and 16th Cs, such as a lavish new spire for Louth (Lincolnshire). (which revisionists think shows how much people put into their churches)

Two thirds

Example of revisionist historians?

Jack Scarisbrick, Christopher Haigh

What did Ronald Hutton say made up Merry England?

The ritual year

What are the 1540s often characterised in terms of?

Henry VIII’s physical decline and growing despotism

What was Henry fluctuating between as he became more unpredictable?

Burning Protestants and hanging Catholics (also favouring and threatening his councellors)

Why does Wooding claim it is too simple to brush the years 1540s with the label of tyranny?

The years saw an efficient government, a stable society and a still impressive and competent king

When was Henry’s war with Scotland?

1542

What did Henry see the ‘lack of charity’ in his 1545 speech as a threat for?

to destabilise the country and with it his son’s inheritance

What is Wooding keen not to do?

Demonise Henry

What was Henry slower to do than his advisors wanted?

Move on from Jane Seymour

Why did Henry need to remarry after Seymour?

Need an ally!

Who was the enemy at home for Henry?

Reginald Pole

What does Wooding reject about the Cleves marriage?

That it was Cromwell’s push, Henry wanted it for the good of the country

What did Cromwell potentially have to do… (which would be funny if not so sad)

Teach Cleves the arts of seduction

What can’t we ascribe the fall of Cromwell to?

One simple cause (Cleves marriage, factionalism)

What was the main official crime of Cromwell? (which Geoffrey Elton essentially args was the key thing rather than the marriage)

Heresy (He was alleged to have said that Robert Barnes spoke the truth, and to have been in correspondence with Lutherans)

When did Cromwell die?

July 1540

What, partly as a legacy of PoG, did Henry see as a direct challenge to his authority? (important for middle way arg)

Loyalty to the Pope or loyalty to Luther

Who was executed 2 days after Cromwell?

Other religious radicals: Robert Barnes, Thomas Garret and William Jerome

Who was Cromwell a known patron of?

Robert Barnes

What example does Susan Brigden use as evidence of the power of sermons?

the vigilante iconoclasm against the celebrated rood at St Margaret Pattens on 22 May 1538, the very night after Latimer had preached at Paul's Cross against images

When were popular reformers at their boldest (demanding a Protestant CoE) according to Susan Brigden?

1539

What did Marillac say about Cromwell and Cranmer?

They Cranmer 'do not know where they are' and that Cromwell was 'tottering'

What was Cranmer preaching against at St Pauls?

Gardiner’s Lenten sermons

Which set text London pamphleteer was influenced by the early efforts of social reform by Robert Barnes (things like creating a Christian CW, giving monastery money to poor)

Henry Brinklow

Where was Simon Fish an exile?

Low countries

Example book smuggled by Fish?

Tyndale’s New Testament

Simon Fish famous satire against purgatory and the intercessory clergy?

Supplication for the Beggars (1528-9 estimated publication)

What was the Supplication of beggars?

Short and violently anti-clerical

Which set text (other than supplication of poor) mentions Fish’s text/

Foxe

Which printers bound the Supplication of beggars to sup of Poore 17 years after the OG?

John Day and William Seres

Who did the Supplication of Beggars cry out to for help on behalf of the poor, sick and needy who were dying because of holy beggars and vagabonds?

The king

Who wrote a point by point rebuttal of Fish?

Thomas More in his Supplication of Souls 1529

Which historian claims: ‘on the whole, English men and women did not want the Reformation and most of them were slow to accept it when it came’?

Jack Scarisbrick

What drove the ref according to Dickens?

A large evangelical mass movement

When was Edwardian Protestantism formed according to Alec Ryrie?

Last years od Hen’s reign

What did Cromwell patronise John Bale to write?

Anti-Catholic plays

Where was an important safe space for new prot ideas?

Oxbridge

Two factions at end of Hen reign?

Edward Seymour (sister of Jane, Prot); Gardiner-Howard (Cath, surrounded Parr though – she was seen as a moderate prot and a erasmian)

What did Somerset allow an unprecedented degree of?

religious toleration and freedom of speech, publication, and reading

How many prots had died for their faith under Mary by 1558?

300

When did trad narrative of a tyrannical medieval church start to be challenged?

1970s

What example from 1536 shows that attack on trad religion was unpopular?

Pilgrimage of Grace

Who was Henry’s court full of? (which were the clique who run the nation from 1547)

Protestants

How does MacCulloch label the ref?

As a ‘howling success’

Who is critical of the long reformation narrative? (that it focuses more on outcome)

Patrick Collinson

Which historian points out the importance of the Dutch and French for providing early English protestants with books?

Andrew Pettegree

What allowed protestants to reach a wider audience than lollards?

Print culture, including carvings (more than oral culture)

When did number of printers rise sharply with the influx of foreign refugee printworks, esp from Netherlands?, give an e.g. of a foreign refugee printer

1550; Stephen Mierdaman

Who has shown that protestant texts could reach youth audiences?

Susan Brigden

Where, other than London, were there printing presses?

Canterbury, Oxford, Cambridge, Dublin, Worcester, Ipswich

How does Haigh dispel the idea of a uniform ref?

By looking at a series of localised, political, and factional refs

Who believed that by 1553, ‘England was almost certainly nearer to being a protestant country than to anything else’?

Elton, Dickens

Who emphasise the resistance to change and persistence of old religion?

Scarisbrick and Duffy

How much of its 1535 income had the church lost by 1553?

60%

Who usually carried out iconoclasm rather than mobs?

Church wardens (peacefully)

Where was the highest commitment to Protestantism?

London and the South East

Why could Ed’s reign be seen as a crisis period?

War, regency, debasement, epidemic, major rebellions, failure of elite to take moral lead, coups and counter coups, loss of foreign reputation

What was good/strong under ed?

Continuity of policies and personnel in govt

When was the statute which required a weekly church collection for the poor?

1552

What played an important role in poor relief?

Private philanthropy

Who was ed educated by?

Leading humanists such as Richard Cox and John Cheke