Top 300 Quiz 4

DEXAMETHASONE

generic

Decadron

DEXAMETHASONE

Dosage Forms

Tablet

Solution

Elixir

Oral Concentrate

DEXAMETHASONE

Tablet

0.5 mg, 0.75 mg, 1 mg, 1.5 mg, 2 mg, 4 mg, 6 mg

DEXAMETHASONE

Solution

Elixir

0.5mg/5 mL

DEXAMETHASONE

Oral Concentrate

1 mg/mL

DEXAMETHASONE

Common FDA Label Indication, Dosing, and Titration

Allergic states

Dermatologic diseases

Endocrine disorders

GI diseases

Hematologic disorders

Neoplastic diseases

Nervous system

Respiratory diseases

Rheumatic disorders

DEXAMETHASONE

MOA

synthetic adrenocortical steroids that cause varied metabolic effects

DEXAMETHASONE

Dose Adjustment Renal

Adjust dose to response → NO?

DEXAMETHASONE

Contraindications

Hypersensitivity to glucocorticosteroids

live vaccines

fungal infections

DEXAMETHASONE

Adverse Reactions

HTN

GI upset

Primary adrenocortical insufficiency

Cushing syndrome

decreased body growth

increased risk of infection

osteoporosis

DEXAMETHASONE

Key Patient Counseling Points

For short-term treatment, advise patients to take doses with meals to prevent GI upset

For high-dose or long-term treatment, advise patients to monitor

Patient may experience insomnia, anxiety, aggression at higher doses

For patients with BMI ≥30 kg/m2 → use IBW

SUCRALFATE

generic

Carafate

SUCRALFATE

Dosage Forms

Tablet, Oral

Suspension, Oral

SUCRALFATE

Suspension, Oral

1 g/10 mL

SUCRALFATE

Tablet, Oral

1g

SUCRALFATE

MOA

(+) forms a protective coating for local protection of the gastric lining

SUCRALFATE

Common FDA Label Indication, Dosing, and Titration

Duodenal ulcer

SUCRALFATE

Adverse Reactions

None known

Bezoar formation

diarrhea

GI distress

hyperglycemia

SUCRALFATE

Key Patient Counseling Points

empty stomach

do not take other meds 2-4 h

Shake suspension before use

susp can be stored at room temperature

DIPHENHYDRAMINE

generic

Benadryl

DIPHENHYDRAMINE

Dosage Forms

Vial

Multiple-Dose Vial

DIPHENHYDRAMINE

Vial

50 mg/1 mL

DIPHENHYDRAMINE

Multiple-Dose Vial

500 mg/10 mL

DIPHENHYDRAMINE

Common FDA Label Indication, Dosing, and Titration

Control of allergic reactions

adjunct to epinephrine

motion sickness

management of Parkinsonian syndrome

DIPHENHYDRAMINE

MOA

competes with histamine for binding on the H1-histamine receptor

DIPHENHYDRAMINE

Contraindications

neonates or premature infants

nursing mothers

local anesthetic

DIPHENHYDRAMINE

Adverse Reactions

Dizziness, drowsiness, nervousness, restlessness

Anaphylaxis, hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, agranulocytosis, severe psychosis, skin necrosis at injection site

DIPHENHYDRAMINE

Key Patient Counseling Points

Avoid activities requiring mental alertness

Young children may experience paradoxical excitation

GENTAMICIN

Dosage Forms

Vial

Solution, IV

GENTAMICIN

Vial

20 mg/2 mL

GENTAMICIN

Solution, IV

60 mg/50 mL, 80 mg/50 mL, 80 mg/100 mL, 100 mg/50 mL, 100 mg/100 mL, 120 mg/100 mL

GENTAMICIN

Common FDA Label Indication, Dosing, and Titration

gram-negative infections

GENTAMICIN

MOA

binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit

GENTAMICIN

Dose Adjustment Renal

yes

GENTAMICIN

Box Warnings

Nephrotoxic

neurotoxicity → ototoxicity

avoid use with diuretics or nephrotoxins

monitor levels

pregnancy

GENTAMICIN

Contraindications

Hypersensitivity to aminoglycosides

GENTAMICIN

Adverse Reactions

None known

Neuromuscular blockade

GENTAMICIN

Key Patient Counseling Points

Gentamicin may cause kidney, nerve, or irreversible hearing problems

The risk is higher if receiving high doses for longer periods of time

MYCOPHENOLATE

generic

CellCept

MYCOPHENOLATE

Dosage Forms

Powder for Solution

MYCOPHENOLATE

Powder for Solution

500 mg

MYCOPHENOLATE

Common FDA Label Indication, Dosing, and Titration

Cardiac transplant rejection

Kidney or liver transplant rejection

MYCOPHENOLATE

MOA

mycophenolic acid → inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase → decreases purine synthesis → lymphocyte proliferation

MYCOPHENOLATE

Dose Adjustment Renal

yes

MYCOPHENOLATE

Box Warnings

Pregnancy and embryo-fetal toxicity

serious infection

malignancies

MYCOPHENOLATE

Contraindications

allergy to polysorbate 80

MYCOPHENOLATE

Adverse Reactions

Abdominal pain

anemia

constipation, diarrhea

leukopenia

peripheral edema, UTI, vomiting

Acute inflammatory syndrome

polyoma virus infection

CMV viremia

colitis, lung diseases, lymphoma

malignancy, meningitis, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy

pure red cell aplasia

MYCOPHENOLATE

Key Patient Counseling Points

pregnancy risk

females must use acceptable birth control during treatment and for 6 wk after therapy cessation

Male patients should avoid semen donation for 90 d

causes low WBC, RBC, and platelet counts

Avoid driving