Year 9 Science Exam Content Review

Flashcards for reviewing key concepts from the Year 9 Science curriculum.

Conservation of energy

The principle that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed from one form to another.

Diffusion

The process by which molecules spread from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration.

Prokaryotes

Singular-celled organisms that lack a nucleus, such as bacteria.

Eukaryotes

Organisms whose cells contain a nucleus and organelles, including plants and animals.

Kinetic energy

The energy an object possesses due to its motion.

Elastic potential energy

The energy stored in elastic materials as the result of their stretching or compressing.

Gravitational potential energy

The energy held by an object because of its position relative to the earth's surface.

Cell differentiation

The process by which a less specialized cell becomes a more specialized cell type.

Osmosis

The diffusion of water through a semi-permeable membrane.

Active transport

The movement of molecules across a cell membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration, requiring energy.

Specific heat capacity

The amount of heat required to change the temperature of one kilogram of a substance by one degree Celsius.

Gas exchange

The process of transferring oxygen and carbon dioxide between the bloodstream and the environment.

Antibiotics

Medicinal substances used to treat bacterial infections.

Vaccination

The administration of a vaccine to stimulate the immune response against specific pathogens.

Isotopes

Atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

Pathogens

Microorganisms that can cause disease.

Circulatory system

The system that circulates blood and lymph through the body.

Periodic table

A tabular arrangement of chemical elements ordered by atomic number.