CHEM FINAL

____ and ______ are only included for equilibrium k expressions.

gas, aqueous solutions

_____ is a weak acid/base pair. Only difference of 1 H⁺

Conjugate pair

____ has the lowest kinetic energy

solid

_____ has this highest kinetic energy

gas

solid —> liquid = ______ (endothermic)

melting

liquid —> solid = ______ (exothermic)

freezing

liquid —> gas = ______ (endothermic)

vaporization

gas —> liquid = ______ (exothermic)

condensation

solid —> gas = ______ (endothermic)

sublimation

gas —> solid = ______ (exothermic)

deposition

Intermolecular forces are ____ molecules

between

This list of intermolecular forces is ranked ____ to ____

1. Ion-dipole

2. hydrogen bonding

3. dipole-dipole

4. dipole induced dipole

5. London dispersion (induced-induced)

strongest, weakest

______ molecules are symmetrical (no lone pairs)

non-polar

_____ molecules contain lone pairs

polar

Dipole moments exist between _____ molecules

polar

Bonding within molecules (covalent and Ionic)

Intramolecular

characteristics of solution of molecule that is influenced by # of molecules not type.

colligative properties

P_solv = X_solvP^o_solv or change in P_solv = ( X_solvP^o_solv )i

Vapor pressure lowering

change in temperature = (mK)i

boiling point elevation and freezing point depression

π = (MRT)i

osmotic pressure

__ = # of ions that a molecule splits into

i

A = ___

B = ___

C = ___

solid

liquid

gas

D, F, G = _____

phase transitions

E =____

H =____

triple point

critical point

_____ = 1 atom/cell a = 2r

simple cubic cell

_____ = 2 atom/cell a = 4r / square root 3

body centered cubic

_____ = 4 atom/cell a = 4r / square root 2

face centered cubic

a = ___

side length

a³ = ____

volume

_____ = mol_sol / L_soln

molarity

_____ = mol_sol / kg_solv

molality

_____ = mol_sol / mol_sol + mol_solv

mole fraction

_____ = (mass_sol / mass_soln) * 100

mass percent

____ rate law = k[A]^m[B]ⁿ

normal

ln( [A]_t - [A]_o) = -kt

first order

1/[A]_t - 1/[A]_o = kt

second order

[A]_t - [A]_o = -kt

zero order

t_1/2 = ln(2) / k

half-life

temperature, activation energy, concentration, orientation, and catalysts affects ______

reaction rates

only ____ can change K (equilibrium constant)

temperature

La Chatlier’s principle is to maintain ____

K (equilibrium constant)

Concentration, pressure/volume, and temperature effect _____

equilibrium

Endothermic = shift towards _____

reactants

exothermic = shift towards ____

products

acid: contains H, forms H₃O⁺

base: contains OH^-, forms OH^-

Arrhenius

acid: contains H, donates protons

base: accepts protons

Bronsted-Lowry

acid: accepts e^-

base: donates e^-

Lewis

If reaction is spontaneous, the it is a ______

volteic cell