unit 2 apush

studied byStudied by 0 people
0.0(0)
learn
LearnA personalized and smart learning plan
exam
Practice TestTake a test on your terms and definitions
spaced repetition
Spaced RepetitionScientifically backed study method
heart puzzle
Matching GameHow quick can you match all your cards?
flashcards
FlashcardsStudy terms and definitions

1 / 42

encourage image

There's no tags or description

Looks like no one added any tags here yet for you.

43 Terms

1

joint stock company

  • used by colonial explorers to raise money

  • private companies sold shares to investors

  • investors took a risk of losing money if the expedition failed, but they would be paid based on the profits

New cards
2

French Colonization in the New World

  • french colonies existed from the north of Quebec to New Orleans and the Ohio River Valley

  • Native American usually still controlled these areas

  • the French were more diplomatic with Natives than the English or the Spanish

New cards
3

Dutch Colonization in the New World

  • English explorer Henry Hudson was commissioned by the Dutch to find a Northwest passage, but he reported the vast amounts of resources in America

  • The Dutch West India Company was created to develop Dutch colonies in North America, which worked more like trading posts than settlements

  • New Amsterdam was one of these colonies that became a center for trade

New cards
4

New World Fur Trade

  • The fur trade attracted colonists and traders who would reach agreements with Native Americans

  • The fur trade caused conflict between Native American groups because the Natives would expand their territories in order to gain access to more fur

New cards
5

Mercantilism

  • An economic philosophy that was based on the idea that the world’s wealth is limited

  • The goal of mercantilist nations was to export more than they imported

  • This would lead to more wealth (precious metals) which would translate to economic and military strength

  • Colonies served their home country by providing raw materials

New cards
6

types of British colonies in the New World

  • Charter colonies: Colonists were members of a corporation. Based on a charter, electors in the colonists would have power in the government

  • Royal colony: The governor was selected by the king

  • Proprietary colony: Proprietors (the owners with direct responsibility to the king) selected the governors of the colony

New cards
7

Jamestown

  • A charter colony created by the Virginia Company

  • Because of its swampy location, Jamestown was riddled with disease and contaminated water

  • Also had hostile relationships with the nearby Natives

New cards
8

Starving time

  • A period of starvation the Jamestown colonists endured because of conflicts with the Native Americans.

  • The colonists depended on Natives for food

  • Many colonists died and some attempted to return to England

New cards
9

Indentured Servitude

  • Many poor workers were brought to the Americas in exchange for a few years of labor

  • The indentured servants volunteered for the work but had very little control over their work so they were often mistreated

  • Indentured servitude was the predominant system of labor until the 1670s

New cards
10

Headright system

  • promised colonists parcels of lands to immigrate to America

  • this system gave the colonists 50 acres of land per servant they brought with them, so the Headright system helped solidify indentured servitude

  • Used by the Virginia Company to attract colonists

New cards
11

Characteristics of New England Colonies

  • puritans were the first colonists of New England

  • New England: Modern day New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Connecticut

  • Puritans were motivated to immigrate by religious reasons rather than economic ones

  • Wanted permanent communities

  • Plymouth was the first sizable New England colony

New cards
12

English Puritanism

  • A movement to reform the Church of England

  • Puritans rejected the Roman Catholic influences in the Church of England and wanted to purify church

  • they held calvinists beliefs

  • The American ideas of self-reliance, moral fortitude, and intellectualism were influenced by puritanism

New cards
13

Characteristics of the Chesapeake Region and Middle Colonies

  • Agriculture and exportation helped the middle colonies and the Chesapeake Bay colonies become permanent settlements

  • Middle colonies: Present day New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware

  • Chesapeake Bay colonies: Maryland and Virginia

New cards
14

Characteristics of the colonies of the Deep South and the Caribbean

  • the Deep South colonies were present day North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia

  • Barbados was the most profitable colony due to the sugar cane being grown through plantation labor

  • This would influence slave labor in the South

New cards
15

House of Burgesses

  • the first representative house in America was the House of Burgesses, which was a representative assembly in Virginia.

  • The House of Burgesses had procedures similar to Parliament, enforced the private owning of land, and maintained the rights of the colonists

New cards
16

The separatists and Plymouth

  • Unlike Puritans, separatists believed the Church of England couldn’t be reformed, and instead wanted to break away entirely

  • A group of separatists travelled on the Mayflower as pilgrims and established the Plymouth Colony

  • Created the Mayflower Contract, which established government based on majority rules

New cards
17

Dutch West India Company

  • A joint stock company that ran the colonies of Fort Orange and New Amsterdam

  • Engaged in the fur trade with the Native Iroquois

  • Created the patron system, where men were given large estates if they brought at least 50 families to tend the land

New cards
18

Massachusetts and the Massachusetts Bay Company

  • a joint stock company created by a group of Puritans fleeing from King James I

  • Led by John Winthrop who believed colonies should be models of Christian society

  • These puritans carefully planned their voyage and did not have a “starving time”

New cards
19

Delaware

  • the first settlement in Delaware was established by Dutch patrons and destroyed by Native Americans

  • The Dutch West India Company and Dutchmen traded in Delaware until it was taken over by the English

  • Delaware had its own assembly and shared a governor with Pennsylvania until the American Revolution

New cards
20

Maryland

  • First colony to serve as a refuge for English Catholics

  • George Calvent applied for the charter to create Maryland and his son Cecilius established Maryland’s representative assembly

  • Maryland passed the Act of Toleration of 1649, which promoted the toleration of Christians of the colony

New cards
21

Chickasaw Wars

  • involved the Chickasaw people (British allied) and the Choctaw & Illini people (French allied)

  • the conflict started after the French were denied trade and control of the Mississippi by the Chickasaw

  • The Chickasaw won

New cards
22

Anne Hutchinson

  • Anne Hutchinson believed she got special revelations from god that went against Puritan beliefs

  • after being banished from the Massachusetts Bay Colony, Hutchinson and her followers founded Portsmouth in modern day Rhode Island

New cards
23

Rhode Island

  • Fled from Massachusetts as his beliefs became too extreme for the colonists

  • Founded providence in modern day Rhode Island

  • This colony had religious toleration

New cards
24

Navigation Acts

  • Dictated some goods could only be shipped to Britain or other new world ports

  • these acts were based in mercantilism and were meant to benefit the whole empire, however some colonies benefited more than others

  • these acts led to tension between the colonies and Britain

New cards
25

Connecticut

  • Created by Thomas Hooker and other Puritans who had religious disagreements with Massachusetts leaders

  • The Connecticut Colony created the Fundamental Orders, laws that provided representable government

New cards
26

The Carolinas

  • Created when King Charles II rewarded loyal noblemen with land after the Puritan revolution

  • Grew slowly due to small success with crops

  • Many colonists used harsh slavery

  • North Carolina separated in 1712

New cards
27

New York and New Jersey

  • The land between New England and Maryland were given to King Charles’ brother James after the British conquered them from the Dutch

  • James, Duke of York, reluctantly let the colonies have self government, but later took this away when he became king

New cards
28

Bacon’s Rebellion

  • William Berkeley, Virginia’s Royal governor was running the colony, for Britain’s benefit

  • Nathaniel Bacon and his group of frontiersmen (included former indentured servants) were angry about that and Berkeley’s failure to protect frontiersmen from Native attacks

  • Bacon’s rebellion occurred when Bacon and his group rebelled and set fire to Jamestown

New cards
29

African Slaves in the 1600s

  • Begun at the same level as indentured servants due to their low population

  • increased importation of African slaves began later in the century

  • Slaves were soon seen as property and their sttaus was passed down to their children

New cards
30

Slave codes

  • Laws that limited enslaved people’s rights.

  • Prohibited enslaved people from:

    • owning weapons

    • getting an education

    • meeting with other enslaved people or African Americans without permission

    • testifying against white people in court

    • & allowed slave owners to use whatever type of punishment/control measures they wanted

New cards
31

John Locke and Natural Law

  • a significant British philosopher during the Enlightenment

  • John Locke believed that people had the right ti overthrow the government if it did not uphold the people’s rights of life, liberty, and property

  • This belief influence the American Revolution and the Declaration of Independence

New cards
32

Triangular Trade (Atlantic Trade)

  • In the Triangular Trade, African Slaves were purchased in Europe or imported from Asian countries, then transported to the Caribbean (in horrible conditions) and then sold for commodities (sugar cotton, etc.)

  • These commodities were then sold by european merchants in Europe and North America

New cards
33

New Hampshire

  • Established as a royal colony, the early settlers of New Hampshire took advantage of the local fisheries

  • This colony was economically dependent on Massachusetts

  • New Hampshire created a temporary constitution that declared independence from Britain before the Declaration of Independence was signed

New cards
34

Quakers

  • Believed religious institutions were unnecessary

  • Believed they received revelations from god

  • were pacifists

  • opposed slavery and believed in decent treatment of Native Americans

New cards
35

Pennsylvania

  • Founded by William Penn as a refugee for other Quakers

  • Penn offered land, religious freedom, and representative assembly

New cards
36

Dominion of New England

  • Created by the King James II this organization oversaw the colonies in the New England Region

  • Edmund Andros (Governor in Chief of the Dominion) banned town meetings, tried to convert people to the Church of England, and tried to argue people’s title to colonial land

  • These actions made the Dominion unpopular

New cards
37

Salutary Neglect

  • the relationship the British had with the colonies, where the British ignored the colonies, allowing them to self rule.

  • Britain followed Salutary Neglect because it was difficult to control an empire across the sea and Britain didn’t want to disrupt the trade with the colonies

New cards
38

Georgia

  • Chartered by English Philanthropist and solder, James Oglethorpe. Many settlers paid to receive land grants. Georgia often served as a buffer between South Carolina and Florida (held by the Spanish).

New cards
39

John Peter Zenger

  • German American newspaper publisher and printer

  • Zinger’s case of libel where he was acquitted set a legal precedent for the freedom of the press

New cards
40

First Great Awakening

  • Series of emotional religious revivals that were most significant in New England

  • The First Great Awakening’s message of personal repentance, faith, and equality between God and the Bible was spread by George Whitefield and Jonathan Edwards

New cards
41

French and Indian War

  • A conflict that occurred between France, Britain, and Native Americans over land in Ohio

  • The French and Indian War was part of the world-wide conflict: The Seven Years Wars.

  • George Washington’s 1st war as a military leader

  • The war ended because of the Treaty of Paris (1763)

New cards
42

The Enlightenment

  • The Enlightenment spread the ideas of reason over faith, natural talent over, inherited privilege, and intellectualism

  • Significant figures of the Enlightenment: Isaac Newton, John Locke, and Rene Descartes

New cards
43

Republicanism

  • In the early days of the US, it was decied that the country would be a republic

  • Some believed a republic should u the common goof and civic future first, while others (inspired by Adam Smith) believed a republic should uphold economic freedom and allow people to pursue their self-interest

New cards

Explore top notes

note Note
studied byStudied by 11 people
830 days ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 10 people
235 days ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 10 people
956 days ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 1 person
20 days ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 16 people
827 days ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 1238 people
709 days ago
5.0(3)
note Note
studied byStudied by 11 people
779 days ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 27696 people
158 days ago
4.9(63)

Explore top flashcards

flashcards Flashcard (134)
studied byStudied by 5 people
696 days ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (24)
studied byStudied by 2 people
121 days ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (132)
studied byStudied by 12 people
846 days ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (45)
studied byStudied by 18 people
392 days ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (57)
studied byStudied by 7 people
60 days ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (44)
studied byStudied by 1 person
773 days ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (43)
studied byStudied by 2 people
717 days ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (43)
studied byStudied by 276 people
406 days ago
5.0(5)
robot