#19. Pathophysiology | Part 4. Disease at the Tissue Level

tissue

What is a group of cells that serve a common purpose?

epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous

What are the four types of tissues?

histology

What is the study of tissues?

histopathology

What is the study of abnormal or diseased tissue?

three cell lines

What are all tissues of the body derived from in embryonic development?

germ layers

After two weeks following conception, embryonic cells start to differentiate into three layers called what?

endoderm

What is the innermost germ cell layer?

epithelial

The endoderm gives rise to what tissue?

mesoderm

What is the middle germ layer?

numerous body tissue

What is the tissue that the mesoderm gives rise to?

ectoderm

What is the outermost germ layer?

all tissues that cover body surfaces and nervous system

What type of tissue does the ectoderm give rise to?

epithelial tissue

What type of tissue covers body surfaces?

connective tissue

What type of tissue is the framework on which epithelial tissue rests and within which nerve and muscle tissue are embedded?

muscle tissue

What type of tissue is responsible for movement of substances through an organism?

nerve tissue

What type of tissue coordinates activities of the body?

protection, permeability control, special senses and secretions

What is the function of epithelial tissue?

simple epithelium

What epithelial tissue is a single cell layer thick and provides limited protection?

stratified epithelium

What epithelial tissue is several layers thick and provides a greater degree of protection?

squamous epithelium

What epithelial tissue has thin and flat cells?

cuboidal epithelium

What epithelial tissue has cubelike or square shape cells?

columnar epithelium

What epithelial tissue has tall and more slender cells?

connective tissue

What are deep tissues never exposed to the external environment?

fibroblasts, macrophages, adipocytes, mast cells

What are the cell types in connective tissues?

physical properties of the ground substance

How are connective tissues classified?

adipose tissue

Where is loose connective (areolar) tissue found?

cartilage, bone, ligaments, tendons

Where is dense connective (fibrous) tissue found?

blood, lymph

What are the specialized connective tissues?

skeletal, smooth, cardiac

What are the types of muscle tissue?

skeletal muscle

What muscle tissues provide voluntary movement?

cardiac muscle

What muscle tissues contract and propel blood through the circulatory system?

smooth muscle

What muscle tissues propel substances or objects through internal passageways?

conducting electrical impulses from one part of the body to another, controlling numerous body functions

What is the function of nervous tissue?

brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves

Where is nervous tissue found?

neurons

What cells transmit electrical impulses?

neuroglia (glial cells)

What cells support, insulate, and protect neurons?

neoplasia

What is abnormal tissue growth, cells growing and multiplying in an uncontrolled fashion?

tumor

What is a mass of uncontrolled cell growth?

stem cells

What mature into specific cell types, depending on function?

dysplastic (atypical) cells

What cells develop abnormal growth patterns?

benign, malignant

What are the types of tumor?

metastasis

What is when malignant cells shed to other areas of the body through the bloodstream?

epithelial, connective

What type of tissues are the origin of cancers?

carcinogens, radiation

What are oncogenic factors?

oncogenic viruses

What type of viruses produce cancers?

carcinogenesis

What is the process of developing a malignant neoplasia?

initiation

What event begins a transformation from normal tissue to cancer?

promoter

What is a carcinogen or any factor associated with cancer development?

progression

What is when malignancy exists and cells are anaplastic in appearance?