Readings in Philippine History Vocabulary Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards generated from the Readings in Philippine History review guide.

History

The thoughtful interpretation of evidence from the past by a historian; a narrative that gives meaning, sense, and explanation to the past for the present, derived from the Greek word historia meaning knowledge acquired through inquiry or investigation.

Historian

An expert or student of history who seeks historical evidence and facts, interprets them, organizes them chronologically, decides their usefulness, and draws conclusions.

Historiography

The study of how history has been written, by whom, and why.

Primary Sources

Tangible remains of the past created during the time of the event by a participant or direct witness, such as diaries, official documents, photos, artifacts, and oral testimony.

Secondary Sources

Sources that interpret and analyze primary sources, written after the event by someone not present, such as history textbooks, biographies, and journal articles.

Tertiary Sources

Sources that compile and summarize secondary and primary sources to provide third-hand information, such as encyclopedias, dictionaries, and almanacs.

Historical Criticism

Also known as the historical-critical method, an investigation into the origin of a text or source to understand its original historical context and literal meaning.

External Criticism

A test of whether a historical document is genuine (authentic) by examining its physical form, integrity, localization, date, handwriting, orthography, and provenance.

Internal Criticism

An examination of the content of a document to determine its credibility, accuracy, author biases, and true meaning.

P.A.G.E.S.

An acronym representing the primary factors that form bias: Personal Perspective, Age, Gender, Education, and Social Status.

Republic Act No. 2733

A 1960 law that declared the site in Magallanes, Limasawa Island as a national shrine commemorating the site of the First Catholic Mass in the Philippines.

Cavite Mutiny

An uprising of Filipino troops and arsenal workers on January 20, 1872, triggered by Governor-General Rafael Izquierdo's removal of exemptions from tributo and polo y servicio.

GOMBURZA

Fathers Mariano Gomez, Jose Burgos, and Jacinto Zamora, three secular Filipino priests executed on February 17, 1872 following the Cavite Mutiny.

First Cry of the Philippine Revolution

The event in August 1896 marking the start of the armed revolution against Spain, symbolized by the tearing of cedulas personales and shouts of 'Viva la Independencia Filipina!'.

Katipunan (KKK)

Kataastaasang, Kagalanggalangang Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan, an organization founded by Andres Bonifacio on July 7, 1892 aiming for Philippine independence through revolution.

Rizal's Retraction

An alleged document dated December 29–30, 1896, in which Jose Rizal supposedly renounced Masonry and reaffirmed his Catholic faith on the night before his execution.

Agrarian Reform

The rectification of the agricultural system through government expropriation of large estates and redistribution to landless farmers as small holdings.

Encomienda System

A Spanish colonial system of royal land grants to conquistadors and religious orders, where natives paid tribute and provided labor in exchange for protection.

Hacienda System

Large private landholding estates developed during the Spanish period for export agriculture, owned by Spaniards, mestizos, and the principalia.

RA 3844

The Agricultural Land Reform Code of 1963 enacted under President Macapagal that abolished share tenancy, institutionalized leasehold, and set a 75-hectare retention limit.

PD 27

The Tenant Emancipation Decree issued in 1972 under President Marcos, focusing on land reform for rice and corn lands with a 7-hectare retention limit.

RA 6657

The Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law (CARL / CARP) of 1988 enacted under President Corazon Aquino, establishing a 5-hectare retention limit.

Mendiola Massacre

An event on January 22, 1987, in which 13 farmers protesting for genuine land reform were killed.

1899 Malolos Constitution

The charter of the First Philippine Republic, recognized as the first democratic constitution in Asia.

Charter Change

Popularly known as 'Cha-Cha', the process of amending or revising the Philippine Constitution, which usually requires a plebiscite.

Taxation

An inherent power of the state by which the sovereign raises revenue through its law-making body to defray government expenses.

TRAIN Law (RA 10963)

Tax Reform for Acceleration and Inclusion, a tax package that exempted individual income of ■250,000 and below from income tax and simplified estate and donor's taxes to a flat 6%.

National Cultural Heritage Act (RA 10066)

Legislation that created the Philippine Registry of Cultural Property and protects historic buildings over 50 years old.