Biology Flashcards

Flashcards covering key biology concepts, cell structures, and processes.

Biology

The study of life and all living organisms, including their structure, functions, evolutions, and distribution.

Order (Property of Life)

Organisms are characterized by highly ordered structures.

Reproduction (Property of Life)

Organisms reproduce their own kind.

Growth and Development (Property of Life)

Inherited information encoded in DNA controls growth and development.

Response to the Environment (Property of Life)

All organisms respond to environmental stimuli.

Energy Processing (Property of Life)

Organisms take in energy and use it for activity.

Regulation (Property of Life)

Organisms maintain a good internal environment.

Evolutionary Adaptation (Property of Life)

Adaptations evolve within organisms.

Domain Archaea

Simple, small microorganisms that live in extreme environments.

Domain Bacteria

Simple, small microorganisms living in diverse environments.

Domain Eukarya

Organisms with complex cell structures and can be single-celled.

Kingdom Plantae

Plants that produce their own food by photosynthesis.

Kingdom Animalia

Organisms that obtain food by eating other organisms.

Kingdom Fungi

Organisms that decompose organic waste and absorb nutrients.

Hypothesis

A proposed explanation for a set of observations that can be tested.

Theory

An explanation, supported by the scientific community, based in fact and data.

Independent Variable

The factor that is manipulated by the researcher in an experiment.

Dependent Variable

The measure used to judge the outcome of an experiment; affected by the manipulated variable.

Controlled Experiment

An experiment where an experimental group is compared with a control group.

Oxygen, Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen

The four common elements found in living organisms.

Trace Elements

Elements found in small quantities but are essential for health; deficiency or oversupply can be damaging.

Proton

A subatomic particle with a single positive electrical charge.

Electron

A subatomic particle with a single negative charge.

Neutron

An electrically neutral subatomic particle with no charge.

Isotope

Atoms of an element that have different mass numbers due to varying numbers of neutrons.

Chemical Bond

A bond that forms between two atoms when they either share electrons or have opposite charges.

Covalent Bond

A bond identified by the sharing of electrons between atoms.

Ionic Bond

Attractions between ions of opposite charge due to the transfer of electrons.

Hydrogen Bond

A weak covalent bond that is important in forming new bonds, especially with other hydrogen atoms.

Cohesion

Molecules sticking together of the same kind.

Adhesion

Molecules sticking together that are not of the same kind.

Surface Tension

A measure of how hard it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid.

Nucleus

Cell's control center.

Ribosomes

Small factories in a cell responsible for producing the cell’s proteins.

Endoplasmic Reticulum

A transportation system that produces proteins.

Golgi Apparatus

A warehouse/processing station for products manufactured by the ER.

Lysosomes

Digestive compartment within a cell.

Vacuoles

Store substances within the cell.

Peroxisomes

Breaks down waste.

Chloroplasts

Contains different parts that work together to convert the energy found in light to convert it to sugars.

Cytoskeleton

Infrastructure for supporting the essential flow in the cell.

Plasma Membrane

Controls what goes in and out of the cell.

Cell Walls

Provides skeletal support and protects the cell walls.