unit 2 networks of exchange

flashcards mostly meant for active recall use in retaining info. most answers are in the form of examples, and are not sample answers you would use for a legitimate response (SAQ, DBQ, etc.)

define Indian ocean trade networks

networks of searoutes connecting africa and Asia through trade

explain the specific innovations of numerous technologies in the Indian ocean trade

1. the magnetic compass made it easier for sailors to navigate around the ocean
   2. the astrolabe allowed for sailors to read the stars and predict accurate locations
   3. the lateen sail allowed for wind to come in any direction
   4. the moonson winds allowed for winds to blow in a specific direction during different seasons
   5. improvements in shipbuilding such as the Chinese junk and Arab dhow made nagivation at sea easier and efficient.

what was traded on the Indian ocean? how did it differ from the silk road?

more common items such as cotton textiles, spices, or grains could be traded on the hulls of larger ships in the Indian ocean emphasizing bulk trade, compared to that of saddles on the silk roads, but respectively luxury items were still in high demand.

define the silk roads. what was usually traded?

a series of trade routes connecting afro-eurasia that facilitated the exchange of goods and ideas. mostly traded luxury items like silk and porcelain.

broadly explain 3 effects of the silk roads

growth of trading cities such as Kashgar, cultural exchange between diverse civilizations and increased demand for luxury goods that created the basis of commercializing economies and proto industrialization.

specifically explain how the silk roads effected the demand of luxury goods

the increased demand of luxury goods created the conditions for mass production or commercialization of those goods inturn effecting the population, example in the yangztee river valley civilization they scaled back on food production. created the conditions for proto industrializating society (producing more goods that consumed) where money that came in was invested in iron and steel production.

how did the silk roads specifically effect trading cities such as kashgar

trading cities such a as Kashgar, strategically located around a river to promote agricultural practices provided merchants for a place to rest, eat, and drink, becoming a center of commerce and cultural exchange.

specifically explain how the silk roads facilitated cultural diffusion

through ins and guesthouses like the caravanserai, merchants could be assured their safety and rest while also exchanging their culture with different merchants and technological innovations, such as the saddle, which could make riding easier and allow for the opportunity to load more goods with a frame and mattress.

what was an additional thing that was exchanged among the silk roads that brought devestating to Europe and the middle east?

the bubonic plague which spread rapidly along the silk roads effectively halfed the population and Europe and 1/3 in the middle east resulting in significant social and economic upheaval.

what was traded on the trans-saharan network

various goods such as gold, salt, ivory, and slaves

causes of the expansion of the trans-saharan trade?

transportation technology such as the Arabian camel saddles helped to ease riding and load more goods for trade, increased demand of gold and salt

define the trans-saharan trade networks

routes that facilitated trade throughout west, east, the mediterannian and some parts of sub-saharan africa exchanging various goods and cultures

effects of the trans-saharan trade network?

growth of powerful empires such as Mali, which converted to islam voluntarily to organize their communities and become more connected to vaster trading world of dar-al-islam, using tactics such as taxing merchants that came through Mali trade routes. mansa musa becomes a particular embodiment of Mali wealth as his pilgramage to mecca ejected so much hold into the Egyptian economy it became worthless.

3 effects of the expansion of Indian ocean trade

growth of powerful trading cities such a as the Swahili and malaccan empires. the increased establishment of diasporic communities China merchants setting up Chinese communities, and Arab and Persian merchants doing the same in east africa (connectivity) and cultural and technological transfers, example Zheng he commissioned by the ming dynasty to go enroll states in chinas tributary system using a large gun powder fleet fostering the transfer of trade and technologies

broadly explain how Indian ocean trade began to expand

collapse of the mongol empire and the safety of the silk roads, commercial practices talked about in the silk roads, transportation technologies explained in another flashcard and the spread of Islam which fostered connectivity in sea-based routes by trade.