Studied by 0 people
Looks like no one added any tags here yet for you.
oxidation reduction reaction
A chemical reaction involving the transfer of electrons between two substances, resulting in the oxidation of one and the reduction of the other.
oxidation
loss of electrons
reduction
gaining electrons
oxidizing agent
reactant that gets reduced and causes oxidation in another substance.
reducing agent
the reactant that gets oxidized and causes reduction in another substance.
rule 1 oxidation numbers
atoms in elemental forms have oxidation numbers of 0
ex: N2, H2, O2, Cl2
monatomic ions have the same oxidation number as their charge
ex: Cu+= +1, S^2-= -2
rule 2
sum for all oxidation numbers in equal to the charge of the ion
ex: HNO3=0
H=+1 N=+5 O=3(-2)= 0
rule 3
oxidation numbers match with the group
ex: H= +1
Ca=+2
elements with minimum and maximum oxidation states
minimum= group# - 8
maximum= group #
Nitrogen: 5-8= -3 minimum, maximum= +5
Sulfur: 6-8= -2 minimum, maximum= +6
Chlorine 7-8= -1 minimum, maximum= +7
minimum vs maximum ox
when species has minimum ox it can only be reduced and acts as an oxidizing agent
when species has maximum ox it can only be oxidized and acts as a reducing agent
hydrogen with nonmetal vs metal
hydrogen has +1 oxidation number with nonmetals
-1 oxidation number with metals
