Intro to Occupational Therapy – Therapeutic Relationships & Health Promotion

Vocabulary flashcards covering key terms on therapeutic relationships, listening skills, the IRM, and health-promotion concepts from the lecture notes.

Elisabeth Kübler-Ross Stages of Loss

Universal five-stage model describing emotional responses to loss—denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance.

Therapeutic Use of Self

Conscious use of one’s personality, insights, and communication skills to form effective therapeutic relationships.

Ideal Self

what an individual would like to be if free of the demands of mundane reality

Perceived Self

aspect of self that others see without the benefit of knowing a person’s intentions, motivations, and limitations.

Real Self

blending of the internal and external worlds involving intention and action, plus environmental awareness. Ex: feelings, strengths, and limitations

Trust-Building Techniques

follow through with plans; be on time; be honest; do not overpromise; involve the client in decisions; put the client first, respect the client by being prepared

Developing empathy

Ability to place oneself in another’s position and understand their experience from their perspective.

Active Listening

Communication skill involving attentive listening and summarizing to confirm understanding of the speaker’s message.

• Restatement

• Reflection

• Clarification

Restatement

Active-listening technique in which the listener repeats the speaker’s exact words to show they were heard.

Reflection

Active-listening response that communicates the feelings or attitudes sensed in the client’s words.

Clarification

Active-listening technique that summarizes or simplifies the client’s thoughts and feelings for greater understanding.

Intentional Relationship Model (IRM)

Framework outlining six interpersonal modes therapists use to build and manage therapeutic relationships.

• Advocating

• Collaborating

• Empathizing

• Encouraging

• Instructing

• Problem solving

Advocating Mode

IRM mode where the therapist secures resources or justifies services to ensure client participation (e.g., OT in schools).

Collaborating Mode

IRM mode that develops goals and strategies with client; modifies intervention based on client input

Empathizing Mode

IRM mode involving active listening to the client’s story and adapting intervention based on their perspective.

Encouraging Mode

IRM mode that motivates clients through praise, positive reinforcement, and prompts such as “one more repetition.”

Instructing Mode

IRM mode focused on teaching specific techniques, precautions, and step-by-step guidance (e.g., one-handed dressing).

Problem-Solving Mode

IRM mode, figures out with client how to perform daily living skills; examines with client how to access resources

Health Promotion

• Enable people to increase control over, and to improve, their health

• Identify and realize aspirations

• Satisfy needs

• Change or cope with the environment

• Is not just the responsibility of the health sector

Primary Prevention

Strategies that prevent the onset of disease or injury by eliminating risk factors (e.g., nutrition education, quitting smoking).

Secondary Prevention

Screening, early detection, and prompt intervention after disease onset to limit disability and secondary conditions.

Tertiary Prevention

Measures that prevent progression of an existing condition and promote independence, participation, and economic self-sufficiency.

Health Promotion & Occupation

OTs promote positive mental health through strategies such as:

o Skill development

o Environmental supports

o Task and context adaptations

— OTs promote mental health through:

o Risk reduction strategies such as

• Establishing healthy habits and routines

• Providing training on relaxation and coping strategies

Occupational Imbalance

Can lead to the development of other risk factors

— For example:

o Unexpected caregiving responsibilities (stress, etc)

o Loss of employment (depression, etc)

o Work overload, (sleep disturbance)

Role of OT in Health Promotion

Promote healthy lifestyles

— Emphasize occupation as an essential of health promotion strategies

— Provide interventions to “individuals” as well as “populations”

— OTs possess basic knowledge and skills to prevent injury and maximize well-being.

— Broad practice area……continuously expand knowledge base to be effective and competent.

Interprofessional Collaboration

• Work with nutritionist’s dietary recommendations and include it in meal planning activities (i.e. DM)

• Work with home health nurse and the patient on selecting low sodium frozen meals

• Work with elderly patient on ease of meal prep for high maintenance food items such as vegetables

• Psychotherapist recommends participation in a support group