Introduction to Computer Programming and Program Logic Formulation

Vocabulary-based practice flashcards covering fundamental computer programming concepts, terminologies, and the software development life cycle based on the provided lecture notes.

Programming

The art and science of instructing computers to perform specific tasks or solve problems by writing code in a language the computer can interpret.

Code

Instructions written in a programming language that a computer can interpret and execute.

Computer Program

A set of instructions designed to perform a specific task or function on a computer, such as a web browser or mobile app.

Algorithm

A step-by-step procedure or set of rules used for solving a problem in programming.

Application Programming Interface (API)

A set of rules, protocols, and tools for building software that defines how different software components interact and enables third-party integration.

Database

A structured collection of data organized for efficient retrieval and manipulation, often managed by a Database Management System (DBMS).

Syntax

The rules in a programming language that dictate how statements and expressions are formed using symbols, keywords, and other elements.

Debugging

The process of finding and fixing errors or bugs in a program by running the program, reviewing code, and inspecting variable values.

Bug

An error, flaw, or unexpected behavior in a program that causes it to malfunction, which can include syntax, logic, runtime, or semantic errors.

Compilation

The process of converting human-readable source code into machine-readable code using a compiler.

Keyword

A word with a reserved, specific meaning used to define the structure and logic of a program that cannot be redefined by the programmer.

Runtime

The phase when an executable program runs on a system and interacts with resources, manages memory, and executes instructions via the CPU.

Build Time

The phase where source code is translated into machine or intermediate code, dependencies are resolved, and the final binary package is assembled.

Integrated Development Environment (IDE)

A software application that facilitates development by providing a code editor, debugger, compiler, and other tools.

Machine Language

The first generation of programming languages consisting of binary code represented by $0$ and $1$ which the CPU can execute directly.

Conditionals

Statements that allow code execution based on whether a specified condition is True or False, helping control the program's flow.

Frontend Development

Client-side development focusing on the user interface (UI) and user experience (UX) that users interact with directly in their web browsers.

HTML (Hypertext Markup Language)

A core frontend language used to create web page content such as headings, paragraphs, links, and images.

CSS (Cascading Style Sheets)

A core frontend language used for styling and layout, including colors, spacing, and fonts.

JavaScript

A core frontend language used to implement interactive client-side behavior on websites.

Backend Development

Server-side development focusing on server logic, databases, and APIs that enable the functionality of a web application.

UI Design

User Interface design refers to the visual and interactive elements of a website, including layout, typography, colors, and buttons.

UX Design

User Experience design represents the overall experience of a user interacting with a website, including accessibility, performance, and aesthetics.

Assembly Language

The second generation of programming languages which uses mnemonic codes and symbols to represent machine instructions and memory addresses.

High-level Language

The third generation of programming languages that offers greater ease of use and abstraction, allowing programmers to focus on functional aspects.

Compiler

A tool that translates high-level code into lower-level language (like machine code) ahead of time before the program runs.

Interpreter

A tool that translates code line-by-line while the program is actually running.

Object-oriented Programming (OOP)

A fourth-generation programming language (4GL) approach that treats programs as a group of objects composed of data (attributes) and program elements (methods).

Fifth-generation Programming language

Logic programming languages used in artificial intelligence research, such as Prolog or Datalog, which use facts and rules to make decisions.

Input

The basic programming element of getting data and commands into the computer.

Output

The basic programming element of getting results out of the computer.

Arithmetic

The basic programming element of performing mathematical calculations on data.

Looping

The basic programming element of cycling through a set of instructions until a specific condition is met.

Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC)

Also known as the programming cycle, a series of phases including definition, planning, coding, testing, documentation, deployment, and maintenance.