unit 7 physics

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drawing magnetic field

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1

drawing magnetic field

  • place plotting compass near magnet on a piece of paper

  • mark direction the compass needle point

  • move the plotting compass to many different positions on the paper

  • join the lines

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2

induced potential

  • electrical conductors move relative to a magnetic field, or if there’s a change in the magnetic fried around a conductor, a pd is induced across th ends of the conduct, if part of a complete circuit, a current is induced

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3

increasing electromagnet strength

  • decrease length of coil, same number of turns, densely packed coils are strongest

  • add iron core, soft magnetic material, becomes an induced magnet

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4

how do loudspeakers work

  • current creates a magnetic field around the coil

  • which interacts with the permanent magnetic field

  • producing a resultant force, causing the coil/cone to move

  • when direction of current reverses, the direction of forces reverse

  • cone vibrates in and out, producing sound waves

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5

loudspeaker

  • converts vibrations in current in electrical circuits to the pressure variations in sound waves

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6

increase size of an alternator

  • increasing rotating speed of the coil, increases both size and freqncues, cuts more fields per second

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7

how do alternators work

  • coil spins, moves through magnetic field, so a pd is induced, complete circuit, current induced

  • each side always connected to the same ring, so every half tun, pd reverses direction, so current changes direction

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8

alternator

  • coil of wire rotating in a magnetic field,

  • coil connected to 2 metal rings, which all the current to pass out of the coil

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9

how do transformers work

  • primary voltage drives ac through primary coil

  • produces an alternating magnetic field which changes as the current changes

  • induces an alternating magnetic field in the iron core, as induced magnet

  • this magnetic field induces pd across secondary coil, and hence current as its a complete circuit

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10

transformer

  • a device that Inca change the pd of an alternate current by the induction of a pd when a wire experience a change in the magnetic field

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11

magnetically soft

nickel and iron

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12

magnetically hard

steel

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13

induced current, magnets repel

  • inser N pole into the coil, the end of the coil become NP

  • this repels the magnet so harder to push in

  • when pull N pole out, comes S pole

  • this attracts the magnet

    • so induced current makes it harder to move the magnet, means we’re doing work

    • as transferring energy from the movement of the magnet into the movement of the current

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14

a compass

  • small bar magnet that points in the direction of earth’s magnetic field

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15

microphones, work

  • sound waves cause diaphragm to vibrate

  • cause coil to vibrate

  • coil/wire moves through the magnetic fiekd

  • so a pd is induced across the ends of the coil/wire

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16

electric motor

  • coil of wire, carrying a current, in placed in magnetic field

  • forces on two sides perpendicular to the field experiences force in opposite idrectons

  • cause a rotational effect

  • split ring commuters, swap contacts every half turn, keep the motor rotating the same direction

    • swapping the polarity of the dc supply, revers current

    • swapping magnetic poles over, reverse field

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17

motor effect

  • when a conductor carrying a current is placed in a magnetic field, th magnet producing the field and the conductor exert a force on each other

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18

increase speed of rotations

  • increase current

  • add more turns to the coil

  • increasing magnetic flux density, stronger magnet

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19

magnetic field induced potential

  • generates a magnetic field that opposes the original change, either the movement of the conductor or change in the magnetic field

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20
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