A&P 2e - Ch 19: Cardiovascular System: Heart (Review Questions)

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Which of the following is not important in preventing backflow of blood?

endocardium

Which valve separates the left atrium from the left ventricle?

mitral

Which of the following lists the valves in the order through which the blood flows from the vena cava through the heart?

tricuspid, pulmonary semilunar, bicuspid, aortic semilunar

Which chamber initially receives blood from the systemic circuit?

right atrium

The __ layer secretes chemicals that help to regulate ionic environments and strength of contraction and serve as powerful vasoconstrictors.

endocardium

The myocardium would be the thickest in the __.

left ventricle

In which septum is it normal to find openings in the adult?

atrioventricular septum

Which of the following is unique to cardiac muscle cells?

Only cardiac muscle is capable of autorhythmicity

The influx of which ion accounts for the plateau phase?

calcium

Which portion of the ECG corresponds to repolarization of the atria?

none of the above: atrial repolarization is masked by ventricular depolarization

Which component of the heart conduction system would have the slowest rate of firing?

Purkinje fibers

The cardiac cycle consists of a distinct relaxation and contraction phase. Which term is typically used to refer ventricular contraction while no blood is being ejected?

isovolumic contraction

Most blood enters the ventricle during __.

atrial diastole

The first heart sound represents which portion of the cardiac cycle?

closing of the atrioventricular valves

Ventricular relaxation immediately follows __.

ventricular repolarization

The force the heart must overcome to pump blood is known as __.

afterload

The cardiovascular centers are located in which area of the brain?

medulla oblongata

In a healthy young adult, what happens to cardiac output when heart rate increases above 160 bpm?

It decreases.

What happens to preload when there is venous constriction in the veins?

It increases.

Which of the following is a positive inotrope?

Ca²⁺

The earliest organ to form and begin function within the developing human is the __.

heart

Of the three germ layers that give rise to all adult tissues and organs, which gives rise to the heart?

mesoderm

The two tubes that eventually fuse to form the heart are referred to as the __.

cardiogenic tubes

Which primitive area of the heart will give rise to the right ventricle?

bulbus cordis

The pulmonary trunk and aorta are derived from which primitive heart structure?

truncus arteriosus