endocrine and molting #4

Integument

The outer protective covering of insects.

Chitin

Polymer of N-acetylglucosamine in insect cuticle.

Resilin

Elastomer protein that stretches 30 times its length.

Epicuticle

Waterproof layer of the insect cuticle.

Exocuticle

Hardened layer through sclerotization.

Endocuticle

Unsclerotized layer resorbed during molting.

Epidermis

Layer producing all cuticle components.

Apolysis

Separation of epidermis from previous cuticle.

Ecdysis

Casting off the old cuticle.

Pharate

Insect fully formed inside old cuticle.

Exuvium

Cast cuticle after ecdysis.

Sclerotization

Chemical hardening of the outer cuticle.

Bursicon

Hormone stimulating sclerotization of cuticle.

Quinone tanning

Process similar to tanning animal hides.

β-sclerotization

Light-colored type of cuticle hardening.

Ptilinum

Inflatable structure aiding adult fly emergence.

Juvenile hormone

Regulates developmental course in insects.

Ecdysone

Hormone stimulating the molting process.

Prothoracicotropic hormone (PTTH)

Triggers ecdysone release from prothoracic gland.

Eclosion hormone

Triggers behaviors for adult emergence.

Molting process

Three stages: apolysis, ecdysis, sclerotization.

Sclerotization duration

Can take up to 6 hours.

Hemolymph

Insect blood facilitating hormone transport.

Makisterone-A

Ecdysone substitute in some insects.

Ecdysial cleavage line

Line where old cuticle ruptures during ecdysis.

Hormone synthesized by corpora allata glands

juvenile hormone

role of juvenile hormone in insect development

determines course of development

hormone triggering the molting sequence

prothoracictropic hormone (PTTH)

where is eclosion hormone produced?

protocerebrum

what initiates the separation of the epidermis from the previous cuticle during molting

apolysis

which acts to increase permeability of epidermal cells to dopamine

bursicon

hormone involved in both larvae and adult stages of insect development

juvenile hormone

what structure do muscid flies use to aid in ecdysis

ptiliinum