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Integument
The outer protective covering of insects.
Chitin
Polymer of N-acetylglucosamine in insect cuticle.
Resilin
Elastomer protein that stretches 30 times its length.
Epicuticle
Waterproof layer of the insect cuticle.
Exocuticle
Hardened layer through sclerotization.
Endocuticle
Unsclerotized layer resorbed during molting.
Epidermis
Layer producing all cuticle components.
Apolysis
Separation of epidermis from previous cuticle.
Ecdysis
Casting off the old cuticle.
Pharate
Insect fully formed inside old cuticle.
Exuvium
Cast cuticle after ecdysis.
Sclerotization
Chemical hardening of the outer cuticle.
Bursicon
Hormone stimulating sclerotization of cuticle.
Quinone tanning
Process similar to tanning animal hides.
β-sclerotization
Light-colored type of cuticle hardening.
Ptilinum
Inflatable structure aiding adult fly emergence.
Juvenile hormone
Regulates developmental course in insects.
Ecdysone
Hormone stimulating the molting process.
Prothoracicotropic hormone (PTTH)
Triggers ecdysone release from prothoracic gland.
Eclosion hormone
Triggers behaviors for adult emergence.
Molting process
Three stages: apolysis, ecdysis, sclerotization.
Sclerotization duration
Can take up to 6 hours.
Hemolymph
Insect blood facilitating hormone transport.
Makisterone-A
Ecdysone substitute in some insects.
Ecdysial cleavage line
Line where old cuticle ruptures during ecdysis.
Hormone synthesized by corpora allata glands
juvenile hormone
role of juvenile hormone in insect development
determines course of development
hormone triggering the molting sequence
prothoracictropic hormone (PTTH)
where is eclosion hormone produced?
protocerebrum
what initiates the separation of the epidermis from the previous cuticle during molting
apolysis
which acts to increase permeability of epidermal cells to dopamine
bursicon
hormone involved in both larvae and adult stages of insect development
juvenile hormone
what structure do muscid flies use to aid in ecdysis
ptiliinum
