Answering techniques for sci

Power

Energy transferred or converted divided by the time taken.

Live wire

The most dangerous wire carrying 240V, where switches and fuses fit.

Neutral wire

Completes the circuit and provides a returning path.

Fuse

A safety device added to prevent excessive current flow.

Series Circuit

A circuit where adding more bulbs increases the effective resistance, resulting in a smaller current drawn.

Parallel Circuit

A circuit where adding bulbs decreases the effective resistance, resulting in a larger current drawn.

Energy

The capacity to do work.

Principle of conservation of energy

Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred or converted.

Hydroelectric energy

Energy that primarily uses gravitational potential energy (GPE).

Biofuels

Energy that uses chemical potential energy (CPE).

Spring balance

An instrument used to measure force.

Force

A push or pull that one object exerts on another.

Balanced force

When there is no net force acting on an object.

Kinetic theory of matter

Matter is made up of numerous tiny particles that are in constant random motion.

Solid particles

Have strong forces of attraction, are closely packed in a fixed position, and vibrate against each other.

Liquid particles

Have stronger attraction than gases, are packed closely in a random arrangement, and slide past each other.

Gas particles

Have weak forces of attraction, are far apart with a random arrangement, and move at high speeds.

Conduction

The transfer of heat through materials via direct contact.

Convection

The transfer of heat through the movement of fluids, where warmer, less dense fluids rise and cooler, denser fluids sink.

Radiation

The emission of energy as electromagnetic waves.

Refractive index (n)

The ratio of the speed of light in a vacuum (c) to its speed in a medium (v), given by the formula n = c/v.

Concave lens

A lens that bends light inwards, forming virtual, upright, and magnified images.

Convex lens

A lens that bends light outwards, forming virtual, upright, and diminished images.

Diffusion

The process by which particles spread from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration.

Osmosis

The diffusion of water across a semi-permeable membrane.

Root hair cell

A cell with a long narrow extension that increases surface area for absorption of water and minerals.

Red blood cells

Cells that contain hemoglobin to store oxygen and lack a nucleus to maximize oxygen transport.

Sperm cell

A cell with a streamlined shape and flagellum for efficient movement towards the egg.

Eyepiece

The lens you look through in a microscope.

Body tube

Connects the eyepiece to the objective lenses in a microscope.

Objective lens

The lens used for viewing the specimen in a microscope.

Coarse adjustment knob

Used for initially focusing the microscope.

Fine adjustment knob

Used for precise focusing of the microscope.

Light source

The illumination provided for viewing specimens in a microscope.