cvtc GAP unit 1

Anatomy

Study of body structure

Physiology

Study of body functions

Cytology

Study of cells

Histology

Study of tissues

Metabolism

All Chemical reaction in body

Growth and Development

Increased size and specialization

Anabolism

Build up chemical reaction

Catabolism

Break down chemical reaction

Responsiveness

Ability to sense and react to stimuli

Stimuli

Changes in the environment

Regulation

Maintain body functions according to surrounding change

Homostasis

Ability to maintain a consistent internal environment

Reproducation

Ability to produce new cells and a new living organism

Atom

Smallest unit of matter

Molecule

Two or more atoms held together

Cell

Basic unit of life

Tissue

Group of cell that works together for a function

Organ

Structure with two or more tissues that work for a specific function

Organ system

Group of related organs that preform a common function

Organization of life

Atom, molecule, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism

Frontal Plane

Divides the body in half with anterior and posterior portions

Transverse plane

Divides the body into superior and posterior portions

Midsagittal (Median) plane

Divides the body into equal left and right halves

Sagittal

Divides the body into not equal right and left halves

Oblique plane

Cuts body into an angle diagonally

Anterior or ventral

Front

Posterior or dorsal

Backside

Superior or cranial

Above or towards head

Inferior or Caudal

Below

Medial

Towards midline of body

Lateral

Away from midline

Superficial or external

On the outside

Deep or Internal

On the inside

Proximal

Closer to point of attachment

Distal

Further from the point of attachment

Ipsilateral

On same side

Contralateral

On opposite sides

Prone

Face down

Supine

Face up

Abdominal

Below thorax and above of hip bones

Antecubital

Elbow crease

Axillary

Armpits

Brachial

Upper arm

Buccal

Cheek

Carpal

Wrist

Cephalic

Head

Cervical

Neck

Coxal

Hip

Cranial

Skull

Digital

Fingers and toes

Dorsal

Back

Facial

Face

Femoral

Thigh

Gluteal

Butt

Inguinal

Groin

Lumbar

Between ribs and pelvis

Nasal

Nose

Oral

Mouth

Orbital

Eye

Palmar

Palm

Pectoral

Chest

Pelvic

Pelvis

Plantar

Sole of foot

Popliteal

Area behind knee

Pubic

Front of pelvis

Tarsal

Ankle

Thoracic

Chest

Umbilical

Belly button

Vertebral

Spinal Column

Cranial Cavity

Brain formed by skull

Vertebral or spinal cavity

Inside vertebrae, contains spinal cord

Thoracic Cavity

Above diaphragm, contains heart and lungs

Abdominopelvic cavity

Below diaphragm, has abdominal and pelvic organs

Receptors

Detects changes in stimulus

Receptor

Detects changes in stimulus

Control center

Interprets input and initiates changes

Effector

Carries out changes to alter the stimulus

Feedback

Way the body monitors and changes itself to maintain homestasis

Negative feedback

Body responds to change by reversing the change

Positive feedback

Body responds by increasing the change until a process is completed

Matter

Has mass and takes up spaces

Atom

Smallest particle of an element

Isotopes

Atoms of the same element that differ in the number of neutrons

Cation

Positive ion

Anion

Negative ion

Covalent bonds

Strong chemical bond formed when atoms share electrons

Single bond

One pair of shared electrons

Hydrogen bond

Weak attraction between two hydrogen molecules

Functions of water

Transports, lubricates, cushions, excretes waste, regulate temp, be a solvent

Hydrophillic

Loves water

Hydrophobic

Hates water

Acid

Release hydrogen when dissolved in water, pH under 7, has more hydrogen than hydroxide

Bases

Absorbs hydrogen when dissolved, pH over 7, has more hydroxide than hydrogen

Neutral

The pH is equal to 7, equal hydrogen and hydroxide

What is the pH scale

0-14

Buffers

Resists changes in pH

Organic Molecules

Carbon substances found in living things

Inorganic molecules

Doesnt have carbon

Triglycerides

Long term storage, support, cushion, insulate

Types of triglycerides

Saturated and unsaturated fats