cell structure and function

cytology

A branch of biology dealing with the structure, function, multiplication, pathology, and life history of cells

cell

Basic structural and functional unit of an organism

metabolism

Set of chemical reactions occurring in living organisms to maintain life; involves metabolic pathways

anabolism

constructive metabolic process; stages: production of precursors, activation into reactive forms, assembly of precursors into complex molecules

catabolism

breaks down complex molecules; provides energy and components needed by anabolic reactions

growth

Process by which cells accumulate mass and increase in physical size

greater

Growth occurs when the overall rate of cellular biosynthesis is — than the overall rate of cellular degradation

reproduction

Process by which cells duplicate their contents and then divide to yield multiple cells with similar, if not duplicate, contents

plasma membrane, protoplasm, genetic material

structures present in all cells

deoxyribonucleic acid

DNA stands for

always unicellular

type of cell in prokaryotes

unicellular and multicellular

type of cell in eukaryotes

usually present, chemically complex in nature

cell wall of prokaryotes

when present, chemically simple in nature

cell wall in eukaryotes

absent, instead they have nucleoid region

nucleus in prokaryotes

present

nucleus in eukaryotes

present. smaller and spherical shape

ribosomes in prokaryotes

present. larger and linear shape

ribosomes in eukaryotes

circular

dna arrangement of prokaryotes

linear

dna arrangement of eukaryotes

present, no cell organelles

cytoplasm in prokaryotes

present, cell organelles present

cytoplasm im eukaryotes

present

plasmids of prokaryotes

rare

plasmids of eukaryotes

binary fission

cell division of prokaryotes

mitoses and meiosis

cell division of eukaryotes

small

flagella of prokaryotes

large

flagella of eukaryotes

asexual

reproduction of prokaryotes

asexual and sexual

reproduction of eukaryotes

bacteria and archaea

example of prokaryotes

plant and animal cell

example of eukaryotes