COMPS Restorative Arts

Methods of reducing swollen lips

1. Electric spatula

2. Aspiration

3. Channeling

4. External pressure

Methods of reducing swollen eyelids

1. External pressure

2. Cavity fluid pacs/chemical compresses

3. Dehydrating Agents

4. Aspiration

5. Surgical reduction

6. Electric spatula

7. Channeling

Causes of distention

1. Embalming

2. Decomposition

3. Trauma

4. Pathological Conditions

Methods to reduce distention

1. External pressure

2. Excision

3. Aspiration

4. Incision

Techniques to soften wax

1. Warmth of hands

2. Mix with massage cream

3. Mix with petroleum jelly

4. Mix with cosmetics

5. Heat Spatula

note: to harden wax you would add starch or powder*

Four structures used to replace the ear

1. External Auditory Meatus (the keystone to accurate location)

2. Zygomatic Arch

3. Mandibular Fossa

4. Mastoid Process

Natural Facial Markings (9)

Philtrum

Nasolabial fold

Nasal sulcus

Oblique palpebral sulcus

Angulus oris eminence

Angulus oris sulcus

Labiomental sulcus

Submental sulcus

Dimples

Acquired Facial Markings (11)

Nasolabial sulcus

Transverse frontal sulcus

Interciliary sulci

Optic facial sulci (crows feet)

Superior palpebral sulcus

Bucco-facial sulcus

Mandibular sulcus

Labial sulci

Platysmal sulci

Cords of the neck

Eyebrows

Restoration may begin at either end of the eyebrow

The normal direction of growth is obliquely upward & outward

Restoration on the crown of the head

Application begins at the point most distant from the hairline

Sideburns

Apply inferior to superior

Imbedding

is used for stray hairs

Suture

is used only in areas that are NOT visible

Cement (glue)

is the strongest bond and used for long, dense, or more extensive hair restoration

Wax

is used for all short hair and hairline restorations

Length

The method of affixing hair depends on:

Characteristics of eyelashes:

-no hair extends from the extreme ends of the line of closure

(Transversely, the curvature of the eyes causes the hair to fan obliquely from the ends;

Adjacent hairs have different lengths and they seem to cluster in small groups presenting the appearance of sparse and dense areas; the hair itself may be curved or relatively straight; on the aged, there may be tiny intervals without hair.)

Primary Hues –

Red, Yellow, & Blue

Secondary Hues

Purple, Green, and Orange

Standard Hues

The 3 primary & the 3 secondary hues. The primary & secondary (red, yellow, blue, purple, green, & orange)

Intermediate Hues –

Mixture of equal amounts of a primary hue and its adjoining secondary hue. (example: yellow-orange, blue-green, etc...)

Warm hues are:

red, orange, and yellow (long wave lengths)

Cool hues are:

blue, green, and purple (violet) (short wave lengths)

directly opposite

Complimentary colors located ___________ to each other on the color wheel

Yellow – Purple (Violet)

Red – Green

Blue - Orange

In order to neutralize a color

use its compliment (jaundice – use purple (violet)

Green.

If a green object absorbs everything but green – the color is

Red

If a red object absorbs everything but red – the color is

the color that it projects

The object absorbs every color except …

North Rooms

will be Cool – use warm colors – yellow, orange red, or warm browns.

South Rooms

will be Warm - use cool colors – blue, gray, blue-green, and green.

Eastern Rooms

will be Mainly Cool – Warm light will enter for a short period –

use warm gray, cream, buff, ivory, and grayed –tan.

West Rooms

will be Mainly Warm – Cool light will enter for a short period – use cool hues and grays

Bi-directional Rooms

both Warm and Cool light enters (the dominating light when the room is used will determine the colors to use)

the spectrum.

The original scientific standard of color is

red, brown, and yellow

Pigment cosmetics necessary to match all skin colors:

Illumination with a dim light can increase the feelings of:

comfort

warmth

sorrow

satisfaction

Melanin

determines the skin pigment of all races.

**Individuals with dark complexions (black, bronze, red, or yellow complexions - Use orange-tinted or yellow-tinted cosmetic powders.

Titanium oxide, talc, and other white powders in cosmetics can result in ashen skin

white

A _______ casket interior provides the most difficult background for a cosmetized body because it provides too much contrast

Use the same lighting that will be used to display the casketed remains

When applying cosmetics to the deceased:

Decreasing the red tones in the cosmetic

When pink or red lights are used to illuminate the cosmetized body, they have the effect of:

Increase the amount of red color used on the cheeks, lips, & ears (warm areas)

When pink or red lights are used to illuminate the cosmetized body, it becomes necessary to:

Over-cosmetized

Bodies viewed under normal lighting appear:

Normal

Bodies viewed under slightly pink lighting will appear:

incandescent; yellow

A standard ____________ bulb with eggshell or ivory glass globes adds _______ to the color of the deceased

Incandescent Light

the illumination resulting from the glowing of a heated filament. (the best lighting in the selection room)

Blue

Use a _____ light for a jaundiced body.

The color Blue creates the illusion of reddish tones in a jaundiced body (blue lighting will lighten green jaundice, but will turn yellow to an orchid color)

tinted

If a hue has been _____ -white has been added to the color to lighten it (example: adding white to red would produce pink)

White

lightens the complexion and will lighten a shade

Shaded

If a hue has been _______ - black has been added to darken it

the same color

In order to lighten a color, the lighting color should be __________ you want to lighten

shadows on the face

Lighting that is too strong and uneven will create unnatural ?

Opaque cosmetics (concealing cosmetics)

to cover discolorations.

Treatment of abrasions

apply wax then mask the area with an opaque cosmetic

Orange.

A mixture of yellow and red produces

Chromatic

a color having hue; a color of the visible spectrum

Color

a visual sensation perceived by the eye and mind due to the activity and vibration of light.

Shadow

surfaces which do not lie at right angles to the source of illumination or are obscured by other surfaces and which reflect little or no light?

Spectrum

visible band; the original standard of color; the progressive arrangement of colors (ROYGBIV) seen when a beam of white light is broken down into its component colors

Examples of Corrective Cosmetizing (Shadowing to Oval)

Shape of face - Corrective Cosmetizers

Square – Darken the sides of the forehead and chin; Lighten the cheekbones

Triangle – Lighten the sides of forehead; Darken the sides of jaw line

Round – Lighten the cheeks; Darken the forehead and jaw line

Oblong – Darken the chin and top of forehead; Lighten cheeks slightly

Inverted triangle – Lighten the chin and jaw line; Darken the sides of forehead and temples; Lighten the cheeks slightly

Diamond – Lighten sides of forehead, temples and jaw line; Darken cheeks

Corrective Cosmetizing for the: NOSE

If the nose appears too long – apply cosmetics to darken the tip and wings

If the nose appears too wide – Lighten the bridge and darken the sides

If the nose appears too thin – Lighten the sides and darken the bridge

If the nose appears too short – Darken the sides and lighten the tip

Corrective Cosmetizing for the: LIPS

If the lips are too thin – Cover the natural line with foundation; using a lip brush or a pencil, draw a new lip line above the superior mucous membrane and below the inferior mucous membrane. If just one lip is too thin follow for that lip.

If the lips are too full – Cover the natural lip line; using a lip brush or pencil, draw a new lip line on the muscous membrane below the natural lip line for the upper lip and above the natural lip line on the lower lip. If just one lip is too full, follow the above suggestions for that lip.

Corrective Cosmetizing for the: EYES

Close-set eyes (space between the eyes is less than one eye wide) – Lighten the inner corner of the upper lid. Darken the outer part of the lid. Reduce the length of the eyebrows at the medial end.

Wide-set eyes – Darken the inner part of the upper lid. Extend the length of the brows out to the medial end.

Corrective Cosmetizing for the: OTHER FEATURES

Chin too prominent – Darken the tip

Chin not prominent enough – Lighten the tip

Double chin – Lighten the tip of the chin; Darken the tissue making the double a third chin

Forehead too wide – Lighten the middle and Darken the sides

Cheeks too prominent – Lighten the medial area; Darken the lateral areas

Cheeks not prominent enough – Lighten the lateral area; Darken the medial area

Lemon juice & sodium hypochlorite (bleach)

What chemicals would be used to remove nicotine?

(Acetone, Benzene & kerosene)

What chemicals would be used to remove tar?

rubbing alcohol, ether

Remove adhesive tape with ?

Acetone

Use _______ to remove ink and lacquer (fingernail polish)

Inject a bleaching agent (phenol / cavity fluid) below the nail

Separate the nail bed and using a cauterant (phenol /cavity fluid)

To remove discoloration under fingernails

Cauterants

are used for bleaching and drying tissue (phenol & cavity fluid are usually used)

Bleaching

the use of an oxidizing chemical to remove stain or discoloration

stronger arterial fluids

Edematous area can sometimes be treated by

Eye (Tissue builder)

inject behind the eye (between the lips of the inner canthus at the medial end of the eyeball)

Cheeks (Tissue builder)

The corners of the mouth

Eyebrow

Sideburn

Upper part of the jawline

Behind the lobe of the ear

Behind the tragus of the ear

Supraorbital area (Tissue builder)

in the eyebrow downward

Mouth (Tissue builder)

End of the line of closure (mucous membrane)

Hands (Tissue builder)

Between the knuckles

sealed (with glue) and covered with wax.

Punctures must be ?

Major Restorations:

Require a long period of time

Require technical skill

Dental Prognathism

Full head of hair

Deep wound repair

Multiple fractures

Loss of limb

Written Permission

is required for major restorations because it is considered MUTILATION if you do not have permission.

Minor Restorations:

Misaligned fracture

Hypodermic tissue building

Reduction of swelling

Sub-tissue surgery (mouth or eye)

Waxing

Fever blisters / scabs

laceration

A _________ would be classified as a traumatic condition (major restoration)

Eye enucleation:

- Remove packing;

- Repack with non-absorbent cotton using autopsy gel; apply massage cream around the area to protect the good skin.

- Embalm;

- use mortuary putty or incision seal powder in the cavity and repack with non-absorbent cotton, kapok, or mortuary putty;

- use eyecaps;

- seal with glue

The eyelids should: abut, not overlap

inferior and posterior

The lateral end of eye closure is _____________ to the medial end

Inferior third of the orbit

In posing the eyes, the eyelids should meet at the ?

wax (then cover with opaque make-up)

Restore advanced desiccation of the eyelids with ?

Dehydration of the eye

stretch and glue (do not apply a cauterant)

Know all methods of reducing swollen eyelids: (may apply cauterant)

1. External pressure

2. Cavity fluid packs / chemical compresses

3. Dehydrating Agents

4. Aspiration

5. Surgical reduction

6. Electric spatula

7. Channeling

Repairing a fractured eye

Before embalming:

Start with the margins of the eye socket.

Make every attempt to align all bones

Repairing a fractured eye

After embalming:

Internal compress saturated with constricting chemical applied for a short time, replaced by a pad of dry cotton. May use an electric spatula to reduce wrinkled skin. May need to cover with wax and employ opaque makeup

Restoration of eyelashes

there are 2 separate ways given:

1. Applying an eyelash strip of false eyelashes

2. Applying individual lashes of false eyelashes

Treatment for Abrasions:

Before applying restorative wax to an abraded surface, the tissue needs to be treated with a cauterant such as phenol, to dry out the tissue; then wax and use opaque makeup.

– hairpin in each nostril, or fingers against the side of the nose.

If the nose is bent out of position – possible treatments –

insert a small sewing needle through it into the septum

If the columna nasi is overly bent to one side

Replace a missing nose

the bones associated with the nose are the vomer, the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid, and the spine of the maxilla.

-The length of the nose is determined by the spine of the maxilla.

-The length of the nose is the same as the length of the ear. 1/3 the length of the face.

Replace a missing EAR

The top of the ear is on the same horizontal plane as the eyebrows.

The bottom of the ear is on the same horizontal plane as the base of the nose.

The front border of the ear is aligned with the ear passage.

The mandibular fossa lies directly anterior to the ear passage.

The mastoid process lies below & behind the ear passage & is hidden by the lobe

Four structures used to replace the ear

1. External Auditory Meatus (the keystone to accurate location)

2. Zygomatic Arch

3. Mandibular Fossa

4. Mastoid Process

make a wedge (first) then form the anti-helix, choncha, and the crura

Steps to modeling an ear from wax:

make a plaster cast

To restore a missing hand

inject tissue builder

To repair a dehydrated hand

In restoring lips, the proper steps would be to:

1. Apply wax to the upper lip

2. Establish a natural lip line and line of closure

3. Apply wax to the lower lip

4. Cosmetize