UNIT 2: INTELLECTUAL REVOLUTIONS AND SOCIETY

Science as an idea

It includes ideas, theories, and al systematic explanations and observations about the natural and physical world.

Science as an intellectual activity

It encompasses a systematic and practical study of the natural and physical world. This process involves systematic observation and experimentation.

Science as a body of knowledge

It is a subject, discipline, or field of study that deals with the process of learning about the natural and physical world.

Science as a personal and social activity

It is a means to survive in and improve life. It is interwoven with people's lives.

Scientific Revolution

was the period of enlightenment when the developments in the fields of science and mathematics transforms the views of society about nature. It explained the emergence of modern science. This took place in Europe, which was started by the publication of Nicolaus Copernicus' book On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres and ended with Isaac Newton

Scientific Paradigm

is a framework containing al the commonly accepted views about a subject, conventions about what direction the research should take and how it should be performed.

Thomas Kuhn

suggested that a paradigm includes "the practices that define a scientific discipline at a certain point in time."

Paradigms

contain al the distinct, established patterns, theories, common methods and standards that alow us to recognize an experimental result as belonging to a field or not.

Thomas Kuhn

was interested in how the overarching theories we have of reality itself influence the models and theories we make about reality within that paradigm

Paradigm Shift

where the new paradigm didn't build on the foundations of the old, but completely change the rules for that "building."