Advanced Networking I Exam Prep

Static Route

A route that is defined by a user

Default Route

A route that is automatically used if no other route is defined

The Basic Goal of Routing Protocols is to ____ between routers, and to adapt to changes in network topology

Network Layer Reachability Information (NLRI)

Autonomous System (AS)

Represents a collection of network devices under a common administration

Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP)

Used within an Autonomous System to exchange Routes

Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP)

Used to exchange routes between Autonomous Systems

Distance Vector Protocols

Uses a direction (vector) and a distance (metric) to determine the path to any link

Enhanced Distance Vector Protocols (EIGRP)

Also known as Hybrid Routing Protocols, it advertises network information to its neighbours as other distance vector protocols. They form Neighbours

Link-State Protocols

Every router advertises what is directly connected to, the state of the links, what they connect to, and the cost.

What are some Link-State Protocols?

OSPF and IS-IS

Path Vector Protocols

Exchanges information about both the existence of networks as well as the paths to the destination. Networks used to select the best paths to the destination and avoid routing loops.

What is the only Path Vector Protocol used?

BGP

Convergence

Describes the process of routers noticing changes in the network, exchanging information and changing when needed to maintain the best routes.

Convergence Time

How fast network devices can reach a state of Convergence after a topology change

What can you use to fine-tune timers to influence convergence?

Summarization

What is the Slowest Protocol?

RIP

Path Selection

The process by which the router looks at multiple paths it may have to get to a destination and chooses the best one or ones and puts them into a routing table.

What is Routing Information Base?

The routing table.

Administrative Distance

Used to rate the believability. This is the first thing a router uses to determine which routing protocol to believe if more than one protocol provides route information for the same desination

Routing Metric

The routing metric is a value representing the path between the local router and the destination network according to the reported distance (RP). The metric is used to determine a specific routing protocols best path.

What is the default administrative distance for a connected interface?

0

Which routing protocol has a lower administrative distance, External BGP or Internal EIGRP?

External BGP (20). Internal EIGRP has a AD of 90

Which routing protocol has a lower administrative distance Static Route to a Next Hop Address, or EIGRP Summary Route?

Static Route to a Next Hop Address (1). EIGRP Summary Route has an AD of 5

Which routing protocol has a lower administrative distance External EIGRP or Internal BGP?

External EIGRP (170). Internal BGP has an AD of 200

RIB accepts or rejects a route based on what logic?

If the route doesn’t already exist, its accepted

If the route does exists then the AD of the routes are compared

Lower AD than original then accepted

Higher AD than original then Rejected

What Metric does RIP, RIPv2 and RIPing use?

Hop Count

What Metric does IGRP and EIGRP use?

Composite metric of bandwidth and delay (optionally reliability and load)

What metric does IS-IS, OSPF, OSPFv3 use?

Cost (based on the speed of interfaces)

True or False Does BGP use a Cost Metric?

False, it uses attributes that describe the path.

____ are used to compare routes learned by the same routing protocol to determine which should be put int the routing table

Metrics

When it comes to Metrics, ____ is always preferred

Lower