History Final Exam

Debate over who the modern humans were (debate over whether homo habilis or homo erectus is the true ancestor of humans) is based on

whether bipedalism or toolmaking was the distinguishing trait.

Early Homo Sapiens (prior to 10,000 BCE) were distinguished from other early humans by their use of

language

Farming began because

all of these

Homo habilis means

skillful man

homo sapiens

were the first hominids to cross into the Americas

How did gender relationships change because of agriculture?

Men took on heavy work, while repetitive tasks such as planting fell to women.

In China, plant domestication developed around

rice in the south and millet in the north.

In Mesoamerica, the major crops differed from Europe. The dominant crops in both regions were

maize, squash, and beans in Mesoamerica; wheat and barley in Europe.

The cave paintings of early human communities commonly included which of the following themes?

bison, horses, and bulls

The domestication of animals occurred

as humans realized that controlling animal reproduction was a more reliable food source than hunting.

The first modern humans were

homo sapiens

The last part of Afro-Eurasia to be occupied by Homo erectus was

northern europe

The trait that gave early hominids a significant advantage for survival was

bipedalism

The two main features of Homo erectus that distinguished them from their competitors were

bipedalism and control of fire

The two primary staple crops for East Asia were

rice and millet

Which group of human ancestors first migrated out of Africa?

homo erectus

Which one of the following characterizes African agriculture?

Individuals leaving the Sahel carried knowledge about domestication of plants and animals with them into other parts of Africa.

Which region developed agriculture through borrowing rather than innovation?

europe

Which statement best characterizes civilization's development in the Americas?

It was heavily influenced by European developments.

Egyptian commoners practiced their religion in what way?

they visited local shrines and used magic

How did Longshan culture differ from other examples in this chapter?

they developed a tradition of sage kings

In Anatolia, Crete, and mainland Greece, archaeological findings indicate that Troy

was engaged in a trading system that linked the Aegean and Southwest Asian worlds.

In comparison to those who lived in the territorial states of Egypt and Mesopotamia, those who lived on the margins of these worlds were

adept users of technology who established durable institutions and belief systems.

In Longshan culture, jade was

a symbol of power used by shamans in rituals and coveted by the elite.

in sumerian households

monogamy was the norm

In the Americas around 3500 BCE, the largest population center was in

the Valley of Tehuacán in Mexico

In the steppe lands of Inner Mongolia

small communities turned primarily to animal breeding and herding.

literacy in ancient egypt

consisted first of hieroglyphs

Reliable water sources affected how and where people settled in all but which of the following ways?

Unpredictable flooding forced people to leave their lands.

sumerian religion

was depicted in the Epic of Gilgamesh

The earliest Sumerian cities were

Eridu, Nippur, and Uruk.

The emergence of the first cities occurred

as a warming cycle raised temperatures around the globe and expanded growing seasons.

The European drinking cup indicative of a warrior culture was

a bell-shaped cup

The first territorial state was established

in Akkad by Sargon the Great.

The Nile River was characterized by which of the following?

predictable annual flood waters that could be dammed for their rich silt, thus helping agrictulture

What best answers why Aegean society was slow to develop cities?

scattered settlements separated by natural obstacles

What is the major difference between Harappan culture and other early river valley societies?

the lack of clear records of political structure

Which of the following statements about the invention of writing in Mesopotamia is TRUE?

Only a small percentage of the population learned to read and write.

Which was NOT a reason for the demise of Old Kingdom Egypt?

drought, which left the country's food supply devastated

Early law codes such as Hammurapi's Code and the Ten Commandments in the Hebrew Bible had what in common?

religious or divine claims for the basis of laws

Merchants in Mesopotamian kingdoms

were able to trade with the Indus River Valley through sea routes.

Microsocieties of the Aegean and South Pacific were characterized by

dispersed communities that had limited interaction with others.

Minoan culture mixed imported and indigenous influences. Which of the following represents an indigenous trait?

worship of a female deity, known as the "Lady"

Mycenaean palace culture was dependent on

scribes, who recorded the goods and services allocated to local people.

The chief political innovation that marked the formation of the territorial state was

political power reaching out from the city into the distant hinterland.

The Egyptian deity whom the Middle Kingdom rulers elevated to prominence as a king of the gods was

Amun

The Hittites established their dominance in Anatolia when they unified the

chariot aristocracies.

The Law Code of Hammurapi

divided society into three classes: freeman, dependent man, and slave.

The migrations of Austronesian-speaking people into the South Pacific occurred on

double-outrigger canoes.

The organizing principle of Shang state was

theocracy

The Shang ruler's wealth and power were based on

tribute from elites within society and allies.

The success of the horse-drawn chariot relied on

harnessing horses, spoke-wheels, iron, and speed.

The Vedic people

mastered the use of plows with iron blades, which transformed the agrarian base of South Asia.

To help track the growing seasons, the Shang

developed a twelve-month, 360-day lunar calendar.

Trade networks in Egypt

allowed merchants to become wealthy and develop habits previously reserved for royalty.

Transhumant refers to

herders who move their herds seasonally between microenvironments.

Vedic migrations into South Asia resulted in

Each answer shown.

Which best characterizes settlements in the Aegean world?

agrarian communities linked by trade and culture

Which of these groups of words are common in Indo-European languages?

father, mother, son, and heart

match the event with the date

Hammurapi's Babylonia: 1792-1750 BCE

Minoan culture in the Aegean: 2000-1600 BCE

Shang state: 1600-1046 BCE

New Kingdom in Egypt: 1550-1070 BCE

Vedic migration into the Indus River Valley begins: 1500 BCE

Vedic migration into the Ganges River Valley begins: 1000 BCE

Austronesian migrations: 2500 BCE-400 BCE

Middle Kingdom in Egypt: 2055-1650 BCE

Mycenean culture in Greece and the Aegean: 1850-1200 BCE

match the event with the date

Early Zhou dynasty: 1045 - 771 B.C.E

Neo-Assyrian Empire: 911 - 612 B.C.E

Greek/Persian battles: 499 - 480 B.C.E

Vedic culture develops: 1500 - 600 B.C.E

Persian Empire: 550 - 330 B.C.E

Phoenician and Greek colonization: 800 - 500 B.C.E

Compared with earlier societies in Mesopotamia, women in the Neo-Assyrian society

had almost no control over their lives.

Darius, who succeeded Cyrus as ruler of the Persian Empire

combined central and local administration to rule rather than forcing Persian customs on his subjects.

In the Neo-Assyrian state

many millions of peoples were forcibly relocated.

Monotheism

was made stricter in Judaism through a slow process of change.

Societies migrated in the first millennium BCE because of

Each answer shown

The collection of customary Vedic social sanctions codified into laws was called the

Upanishads.

The early Zhou state

achieved a balance between central authority and the power of local lords.

The main body of Vedic literature - the four Vedas - passed culture on from one age to the next. The four Vedas are

Rig, Sama, Yajur, and Atharva.

The Neo-Assyrian state was unstable because

discontent among nobles ultimately led to civil war.

The people of Judah

were a successor state to David and Solomon's Israelite kingdom.

The system of political legitimacy established by the Zhou dynasty was called

the mandate of heaven.

The Vedic people

established a long-distance trade network to ensure the ability to obtain horses.

The Zhou dynasty responded to decreasing political influence by means of

increasingly grandiose ceremonies.

Under whose rule did Athens become a naval powerhouse and defeat the Persians?

Themistocles

What was the cause of societal change in the first millennium BCE?

the creation of infrastructure of roads, garrisons, and relay stations.

Which civilization invented the cuneiform alphabet?

The Phoenicians

Which of the following correctly characterizes the Persian Empire?

Each answer shown

Which of the following occurred in the eastern Mediterranean region between 1300 and 900 BCE?

The Sea Peoples arrived from central Europe, where they had been forced to migrate as a result of drought.

Women in the Neo-Assyrian state

lived highly restricted lives that emphasized complete male control over them.

Zoroastrianism asserted that

corpses were to be exposed to the elements where animals would devour them so that the earth would not be contaminated by death.

Chavín peoples

Each answer shown

Free-market development in the Greek city-states was

was correlated with a change from barter and exchange to the use of money.

In the fifth century BCE, Greek philosophers focused on

humans and their place in society.

Kushans adopted many Egyptian practices but

continued to move south to avoid Egyptian influence.

Siddhartha Gautama (the Buddha) was born into what class?

Kshatriya warrior

The African region that draws its name from the Arabic word for "coast" is the

Sahel.

The caste system expanded in South Asia

as the Vedic people moved into rice-growing regions that required more laborers.

The emergence of new and radical ideas in the "second-generation" societies was encouraged by a

period of constant warfare and battles.

The military innovations in China during the first millennium BCE included

Each answer shown

The most important social unit of the Mediterranean city-state was the

household

The Nok culture produced

iron working and terra-cotta figurines.

The Olmecs

developed a tradition of ball sports that were linked to worship of the rain god.

The Olmecs

had cities that served as devotional and secular hubs.

The type of slavery that emerged in the Mediterranean city-states was _________ slavery.

chattel

The urban sculpture of the Olmec

depicted shamans and gods.

To secure their authority in new urban environments, the Brahmans

promoted an idea of kingship endowed with divine power, which was validated through rituals performed by Brahman priests.

Which is true of the Mediterranean city-states?

Violent rivalries between individuals, groups, or classes were prevalent.

Which of the following statements most accurately describes the role of women in Greek city-states?

It varied from location to location, but generally women were expected to be in the home and serve their husbands.

Which one of the following most accurately characterizes Chinese thinkers during the Hundred Masters era?

Daoism emphasized the strict performance of ritual as the only means by which to maintain order in a dangerously chaotic universe.